Electro-magnetic forces provide a potentially power full means in designing dynamic experiments with active control of the loading conditions. This article deals with the development of computational models to simulate the thermo-mechanical response of electro-magnetically loaded metallic structures. The model assumes linear electromagnetic constitutive equations and time-independent electric i...

The present research was designed to evaluate an ultrasonic technique for measuring the drawability of low carbon steel sheets nondestructively. This technique, which uses electro magnetic acoustic transducers (EMAT's) is embodied in a fully automatic ultrasonic device called Ultra-Form, which was developed at Iowa State University (by the Center For Nondestructive Evaluation) in 1990. EMAT tra...

Low processing temperatures allow an interstitially-hardened case to be formed on the alloy with no carbide formation [1]; a “colossal” carbon supersaturation can be achieved in austenitic stainless steels such as the 316L grade [1, 2]. In addition to the notable mechanical property improvements [3, 4], such interstitially-hardened stainless steels show surprising improvements in corrosion resi...

Steels are being designed with ever decreasing interstitial contents. At the same time, processing technology allows accelerated cooling without excessive distortion or microstructural gradients [1–5]. Lean steels with lower ‘carbon equivalents’ can therefore be manufactured, making fabrication relatively easy. Alloys such as these give uniform microstructures in spite of solidfication–induced ...

A novel approach is adopted to model the hysteresis phenomenon of grain-oriented electrical steels (GOESs), by incorporating a variation domain patterns associated with ferromagnetic materials during magnetization and demagnetization. The ensuing treats anisotropic isotropic components separately, together coupling effect excitation field. Its ability replicate experimentally obtained dynamic l...

The effects of tungsten (W) additions (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 wt.%) on the hydrogen embrittlement behaviour of microalloyed steels were systematically investigated by means of slow strain rate tests on circumferentially notched cylindrical specimens, and the mechanism of hydrogen-induced embrittlement was discussed. W addition is found to increase the activation energy of hydrogen desorption. Micros...

Several alloys described as stainless steel which resist tarnish and corrosion in the mouth are being used for a variety of dental appliances and instruments. Probably the greatest application of stainless steel is for orthodontic arch wires and bands, while a more limited use is for temporary space maintainers and crown forms. Root-canal files and reamers designed for endodontic operations als...

Hydrogen sulfide (H$) has long been associated with the cause of corrosion damage and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) in high strength steels and high hardness weldments used in oil and gas production, petroleum refining, and petrochemical/chemical processing. Other applications where sulfide species have produced environmental cracking include heavy water production, electric power, marine appli...

This study investigated the effect of heat history on the corrosion of keepers used for dental magnetic attachments. Ferritic stainless steels of SUS 444 and 447J1 were prepared with heat treatments in the temperature range of 550-850t for 1-5 hours. The stainless steels were electrochemically and metallurgically examined by anodic polarization curves in a 0.9% NaC1 solution and by microstructu...

Pulsed neutron sources enable the simultaneous measurement of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and Bragg edge transmission. This simultaneous measurement is useful for microstructural characterization in steel. Since most steels are ferromagnetic, magnetic scattering contributions should be considered in both SANS and Bragg edge transmission analyses. An expression for the magnetic scatter...