BACKGROUND In the absence of significant opportunistic infection, the most common alterations on neuroimaging in the brains of patients with AIDS include enlarged cerebrospinal fluid spaces, white-matter loss, volume loss in striatal structures, and white-matter signal abnormalities. Although previous studies have linked brain viral levels to these alterations, other neuropathological mechanism...

background: the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the cognitive impairment and naa/cr and cho/cr ratios in the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1hmrs), and to assess the importance of 1hmrs in the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in patients with ischemic white matter lesions (wmls). materials and methods: a total of 45 patients (23males and 22 femal...

By studying the properties of matter during heavy-ion collisions, a better understanding of the Quark-Gluon plasma is possible. One of the main areas of this study is the calculation of the magnetic field, particularly how the values of conductivity affects this field and how the field strength changes with proper time. In matching the theoretical calculations with results obtained in lab, two diffe...

In the mean field approximation of the relativistic σ-ω-ρ model, the magnetic fields are incorporated, and its influence on the properties of n-p-e neutron star matter are studied. When the strength of the magnetic field is weaker than ∼ 10G, the particle fractions and chemical potentials, matter energy density and pressure hardly change with the magnetic field; when the strength of the magneti...

A quantum spin liquid is a state of matter characterized by quantum entanglement and the absence of any broken symmetry. In condensed matter, the frustrated rare-earth pyrochlore magnets Ho2Ti2O7 and Dy2Ti2O7, so-called spin ices, exhibit a classical spin liquid state with fractionalized thermal excitations (magnetic monopoles). Evidence for a quantum spin ice, in which the magnetic monopoles b...

The brain is continually changing its function and structure in response to changing environmental demands. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods can be used to repeatedly scan the same individuals over time and in this way have provided powerful tools for assessing such brain change. Functional MRI has provided important insights into changes that occur with learning or recovery but this re...

We study annihilation radiation of neutralinos in the Galactic centre, assuming the existence of a ’spike’ in the dark matter density profile, due to adiabatic accretion onto the massive black hole lying at the Galactic centre. Under this assumption we find that it is possible to reproduce the observed SgrA* emission at radio and gamma-ray frequencies in a consistent scenario with a magnetic fi...

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a novel technique which allows determining the bulk magnetic susceptibility distribution of tissue in vivo from gradient echo magnetic resonance phase images. It is commonly assumed that paramagnetic iron is the predominant source of susceptibility variations in gray matter as many studies have reported a reasonable correlation of magnetic susceptibi...