background: the clinical presentation of non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) varies tremendously depending upon the type of lymphoma and the areas of involvement. nhl can rarely present as an abdominal mass compressing the inferior vena cava. the clinical presentation due to obstruction of inferior vena cava has often been called the inferior vena cava syndrome (ivcs). it can present acutely or chronica...

Background: Breast cancer is formed of a neoplastic component (epithelial) and a non-neoplastic component (stroma). Stromal- stromal and tumor- stromal interactions have been shown in the regulation of cancer cell growth, metastatic capacity and outcome of treatment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a component of tumor stroma reactionsand are considered as an important ...

At the initiation of an immune response, lymph nodes can double in size in a day and can be ten times their original size in five to seven days. Webster and colleagues report on page 1903 that dendritic cells, quite distinct from their function in antigen presentation, stimulate endothelial cell proliferation and vascular growth in the growing lymph node. Peripheral challenge (such as immunizat...

Radiographic, gross, and histopathologic studies on 158 whole breasts with primary operable carcinoma revealed intramammary lymph nodes in 28%, and of these breasts, 10% contained a metastatic deposit of carcinoma. Cancerous and noncancerous nodes were found in all quadrants of the breast with the positive ones being in the same quadrant as the carcinoma only 50% of the time. There was no demon...