Background: Adjuvants are used to increase the immunogenicity of new generation vaccines, especially those based on recombinant proteins. Despite immunostimulatory properties, the use of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an adjuvant has been hampered due to its toxicity and pyrogenicity. Brucella abortus LPS is less toxic and has no pyrogenic properties compared to LPS from other gram nega...

BACKGROUND Circulating subclinical lipopolysaccharide (LPS) occurs in health and disease. Ingesting high fatty meals increases LPS that cause metabolic endotoxemia. Subclinical LPS in periodontal disease may impair endothelial function. The heart may be targeted as cardiac cells express TLR4, the LPS receptor. It was hypothesized that recurrent exposure to subclinical LPS increases mortality an...

background the development of an effective subunit vaccine against brucellosis is a research area of intense. but optimization of recombinant proteins production in escherichia coli and content of endotoxins associated with final recombinant proteins are very important. objectives in the present study, expression and purification of brucella melitensis rhsp and rtf were optimized to reduce endo...

BACKGROUND Dysfunction of vascular endothelium is implicated in many pathological situations. Cytoskeleton plays an importance role in vascular endothelial permeability barrier and inflammatory response. Many Chinese herbs have the endothelial protective effect, of which, "Astragalus membranaceus" is a highly valued herb for treatment of cardiovascular and renal diseases in traditional Chinese ...

Methods DCs from 21 therapy naïve (mean CD4: 256 cells/mm), 21 patients on anti-retroviral therapy (mean CD4: 342 cells/mm) and 14 healthy controls were immunophenotyped for maturation markers at baseline and after 5 hour ex vivo stimulation with TLR-4 ligand, LPS, by flowcytometry. Subsequently, the expression of SOCS-1 gene and the cytokine levels were assessed in monocytederived DCs (Mo-DC) ...

Immunostimulants trigger vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to express the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) and increased arginine transport activity. Although arginine transport in VSMC is considered to be mediated via the y+ system, we show here that rat VSMC in culture express the cat-1 gene transcript as well as an alternatively spliced transcript of the cat-2 gene. An RT-PCR clonin...

PURPOSE To elucidate the inhibitory effect of minocycline and sulforaphane on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced retinal microglial activation and the mechanisms through which they exerted their inhibitory effects. METHODS Primary retinal microglial cultures were exposed to LPS with or without minocycline and sulforaphane. The mRNA expression of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, MCP-3, macr...

introduction: in the present study, the effect of an inducible no synthase (inos) inhibitor, aminoguanidine (ag) on lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress and inflammation parameters was evaluated. materials and methods: the rats were divided into 5 groups and treated: 1) control (saline), 2) lps (1 mg/kg), 3-5) ag 50, 100 and 150mg/kg 30 min before lps injectio...