in the conditions in which terrorist attacks on facilities and civilian places increase more and more attention to design of structures against impact loads of explosion is more important and needs special considerations. study of nature of blast loads and methods of applying it on the structure is one of the important problems. explosion is a sudden and rapid release of a great amount of energ...

Injuries will inevitably occur when restraining loads are exerted on a car occupant by a seat belt during a crash. This study investigated the nature, frequency, and severity of such injuries to the chest and abdomen. Vehicle, occupant, and injury details were obtained from accidents occurring in the Midlands of England. The sample was chosen with emphasis on fatal and serious injuries while al...

Nanomanipulation of individual RNA molecules, using laser optical tweezers, has made it possible to infer the major features of their energy landscape. Time-dependent mechanical unfolding trajectories, measured at a constant stretching force (f(S)) of simple RNA structures (hairpins and three-helix junctions) sandwiched between RNA/DNA hybrid handles show that they unfold in a reversible all-or...

This study aimed to investigate whether high peak ground reaction forces and high average loading rates are necessary to bowl fast. Kinematic and kinetic bowling data were collected for 20 elite male fast bowlers. A moderate non-significant correlation was found between ball speed and peak vertical ground reaction force with faster bowlers tending to have lower peak vertical ground reaction for...

BACKGROUND One major drawback in measuring ground-reaction forces during running is that it is time consuming to get representative ground-reaction force (GRF) values with a traditional force platform. An instrumented force measuring treadmill can overcome the shortcomings inherent to overground testing. The purpose of the current study was to determine the validity of an instrumented force mea...

An approximate theoretical formula for the distribution of aerodynamic load over arbitrary thick wings in incompressible flow is developed by combining three-dimensional results from thin-wing theory with two-dimensional results from thick-aerofoil theory. The formula is applied to two wings of identical planform, with 60 degrees trailing-edge sweepback and differing aerofoil thickness, which h...

Endurance running may have a long evolutionary history in the hominin clade but it was not until very recently that humans ran wearing shoes. Research on modern habitually unshod runners has suggested that they utilize a different biomechanical strategy than runners who wear shoes, namely that barefoot runners typically use a forefoot strike in order to avoid generating the high impact forces t...