The ability of harmful algal species to form dense, nearly monospecific blooms remains an ecological and evolutionary puzzle. We hypothesized that predation interacts with estuarine salinity gradients to promote blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo (Y. Hada) Y. Hada ex Y. Hara et M. Chihara, a cosmopolitan toxic raphidophyte. Specifically, H. akashiwo's broad salinity tolerance appears to provide a r...

Massive anthropogenic changes in estuarine salinities, from manipulations of freshwater flows, are again occurring through governmental projects ‘‘correcting’’ past freshwater alterations. The downstream effects of increased freshwater on seagrass meadows, a major fisheries and ecosystem habitat, are not clear. Spectral responses to low salinities were quantitatively delimited for the important...

Poly(vinylpyridine oxides) in pneumo-coniosis research. Schlipkoter and Brockhaus of the Institut fur Lufthygiene Dusseldorf found that poly(2-vinylpyridine 1-oxide) can inhibit the fibrosis normally produced by quartz dust in the lungs or other tissues of animals. Later research in Germany and elsewhere has confirmed the earlier observations. The polymer is active when the quartz is administer...

In this study, we focus on making a double-sided metal plate with an internal structure, such as honeycomb. The stainless steel powder was used in the metal injection molding (MIM) process. The preliminary studies were carried out for the measurement of the viscosity of the stainless steel feedstock and for the prediction of the filling behavior through Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulati...

The polymer flooding process has already been applied to the medium permeability type II reservoirs of the Daqing Oilfield (China) to enhance oil recovery. However, this process faces a number of challenges, such as the flooding efficiency, high injection pressure, formation blockage and damage, unbalanced absorption ratio, and economical justification. In this study, single-phase and two-phase...

Metal oxides as ZnO provide an interesting alternative for conventional low work function metals as electron injection layer in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, for most state-of-the-art OLED materials the high work function of ZnO leads to a large injection barrier for electrons. As a result the electron current in the OLED is largely limited by the contact, leading to a strong ...

Although optoelectronic devices made of polymers are very attractive ones (low cost, easy to make), problems related to charge transport, exciton quenching, among others, can be an obstacle for their performance. The use of heterojunctions made of two polymers can be a strategy for improving the efficiency of polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) at low bias. Here we present a theoretical study...

A new split-root system was established through grafting to study cotton response to non-uniform salinity. Each root half was treated with either uniform (100/100 mM) or non-uniform NaCl concentrations (0/200 and 50/150 mM). In contrast to uniform control, non-uniform salinity treatment improved plant growth and water use, with more water absorbed from the non- and low salinity side. Non-unifor...

Subaqueous dredging is a management activity undertaken globally to improve navigation, remove contaminants, mitigate flood risk and/or generate aggregate. Water Injection Dredging (WID) hydrodynamic technique involving the turbation and downstream displacement of fine sediments using vessel-mounted water jets. Despite being widely applied internationally, environmental ecological effects WID a...