Robust validation of the space–time structure of remotely sensed precipitation estimates is critical to improving their quality and confident application in water cycle–related research. In this work, the performance of the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Cloud Classification System (PERSIANN-CCS) precipitation product is evaluated agai...

Precipitation is one of the most important meteorological variables for defining the climate dynamics, but the spatial patterns of precipitation have not been fully investigated yet. The complex network theory, which provides a robust tool to investigate the statistical interdependence of many interacting elements, is used here to analyze the spatial dynamics of annual precipitation over sevent...

Mountain ranges are known to have a firstorder control on mid-latitude climate, but previous studies have shown that the Andes have little effect on the largescale circulation over South America. We use a limiteddomain general circulation model (RegCM3) to evaluate the effect of the Andes on regional-scale atmospheric dynamics and precipitation. We present experiments in which Andean heights ar...

The quality of precipitation forecasts from four Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models is evaluated over the Ovens catchment in Southeast Australia. Precipitation forecasts are compared with observed precipitation at point and catchment scales and at different temporal resolutions. The four models evaluated are the Australian Community Climate Earth-System Simulator (ACCESS) including ACCES...

Climate change, human disturbance, and disease can have large impacts on the dynamics of a species by affecting the likelihood of survival and reproduction of individuals. We investigated the roles of precipitation, off-road vehicle (ORV) alteration of habitat, and infection with Sin Nombre virus on the survival and reproductive probabilities of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). We used gener...

Age-hardening characteristics in a dental low-gold alloy composed of 40.0 wt% Au-35.0 wt% Ag-7.9 wt% Pd-7.0 wt% Cu-5.0 wt% In-3.5 wt% Zn-1.5 wt% Sn, were investigated by means of the hardness test, XRD study, SEM observations and EPMA. The following results were obtained. The age-hardening was characterized by a precipitation of Cu-rich alpha2 phase in the a phase. The softening that occurred f...

High resolution multi-monochromatic measurements of auroral emissions have revealed the first optical evidence of co-existing small-scale auroral features resulting from separate high and low energy populations of precipitating electrons on the same field line. The features exhibit completely separate motion and morphology. From emission ratios and ion chemistry modeling, the average energy and...

We have developed an automated method for measuring high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in serum without prior separation, using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified enzymes and sulfated alpha-cyclodextrin. When cholesterol esterase and cholesterol oxidase enzymes were modified with PEG, they showed selective catalytic activities towards lipoprotein fractions, with the reactivity increasin...

The dynamics associated with drought in the Sahel have attracted considerable attention in the recent literature. This paper evaluates Sahel precipitation using the paradigm of the atmospheric centers of action, that is, the extended semipermanent highs and lows that dominate regional circulations and are evident in sea level pressure patterns. We find that Sahel precipitation is significantly ...

[1] This study uses instrument records and geostatistical modeling to examine hydrologically important temporal and spatial patterns of seasonal precipitation associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in a mountainous region of northern New Mexico. PDO is the more dominant factor, compared to ENSO, with a larger influence on winter and spr...