This chapter offers an in-depth analysis of fertility in Austria, a country which has experienced a low and relatively stable fertility level and a gradual postponement of childbearing since the mid-1980s. We begin by summarising Austrian population trends in the post-World War II period and highlighting recent relatively high migration levels. We outline the long history of sub-replacement fer...

In 1979, the Chinese government introduced the One-child Policy for the purpose of controlling population growth. Thirty years later, the fertility rate in China has declined to a very low level and one-child families have become the norm. At the same time, the consequences of low fertility rates have emerged. In 2015, the government announced a new policy that encouraged couples to have two ch...

BACKGROUND This study used data from recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) to examine the impact of high parity on under-five and neonatal mortality. The analyses used various techniques to attempt eliminating selection issues, including stratification of analyses by mothers' completed fertility. METHODS We analyzed DHS datasets from 47 low- and middle-income countries. We only used dat...

Conventional theories have little to say about the level at which fertility will stabilize at the end of the demographic transition, although it is often assumed that replacement fertility of about 2.1 births per woman will prevail in the long run. However, fertility has dropped below the replacement level in virtually every population that has moved through the transition. If future fertility ...

This paper examines the ethnic differentials in fertility in Malawi using data from the 2000 Malawi Demographic and Health survey. Fertility was estimated for each ethnic group using various procedures and multiple regressions were employed in order to understand factors responsible for ethnic differentials in fertility in the country. Although all ethnic groups in Malawi exhibit high fertility...