BACKGROUND Pan masala is a comparatively recent habit in India and is marketed with and without tobacco. Advertisements of tobacco products have been banned in India since 1st May 2004. The advertisements of plain pan masala, which continue in Indian media, have been suspected to be surrogate for tobacco products bearing the same name. The study was carried out to assess whether these advertise...

In this paper we examine heterogeneity in the simultaneous space-time impact of foreclosures on neighborhood property values. The heterogeneity arises from foreclosed properties that experienced different types of foreclosure outcomes. We find that for foreclosures that are not observed to have concluded with a market sale, the negative price impacts begin while the foreclosing household still ...

  We discuss the effects of inflation and time discounting on an EOQ model for deteriorating items under stock-dependent demand and time-dependent partial backlogging. The inventory model is studied under the replenishment policy starting with no shortages. We then use MATLAB to find the optimal replenishment policies. The objective of this model is to maximize the total profit (TP) which inclu...

Steam methane reforming (SMR) process is regarded as a viable option to satisfy the growing demand for hydrogen, mainly because of its capability mass production hydrogen and maturity technology. In this study, an economically optimal configuration SMR proposed by investigating six scenarios with different design operating conditions, including CO2 emission permits capture sale. Of scenarios, i...

Background This study was conducted to determine the scale and the nature of the economic burden caused by strokes and to use the results as an evidential source for determining the allocation of South Korea stroke cases in 2015.   Methods For research subjects, the study analyzed demographic characteristics and economic burden based on data from national health insurance (NHI) claims for inpat...

Road traffic accidents and the effects they subsequently incur are increasing dramatically, and estimating the cost of road traffic crashes could be a vital step in improving the recognition of this widespread problem. The main objective of this paper is to estimate the cost of road traffic crashes in Iran using the Human Capital (HC) Method. Results of this study indicate that the cost of road...

Pay-for-performance advertising schemes such as pay-per-click (PPC) and pay-per-sale (PPS) have grown in popularity with the recent advances in digital technologies for targeting advertising and measuring outcomes. However, several publishers still continue to use well-established pay-per-impression (PPI) payment schemes. Given the choice of multiple payment schemes PPI, PPC, and PPS our study ...

multi-echelon inventory systems are one of the most important and attractive areas in modelling supply chain management so that several researches and studies have been done about. in this paper, the total cost function of a two-echelon inventory system with central warehouse and many identical retailers controlled by continuous review inventory policy is estimated. we have assumed the demand i...

The advent of e-commerce has prompted many manufacturers to redesign their traditionalchannel structure by engaging in direct sales. In this paper, we present a dual channel inventory modelbased on queuing theory in a manufacturer-retailer supply chain, consisting of a traditional retailchannel and a direct channel which stocks are kept in both upper and lower echelon. The systemreceives stocha...