Abstract Gillian Russell has recently proposed counterexamples to such elementary argument forms as Conjunction Introduction (e.g. ‘Snow is white. Grass green. Therefore, snow white and grass green’) Identity white’). These purported involve expressions that are sensitive linguistic context—for example, a sentence which true when it appears alone but false embedded in larger sentence. If they g...

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some inductive inferences are as probable in relation to the premisses as non-sceptics think they are. But the premisses of my proofs were, principally, statements of logical probability; and propositions of this kind, or at least the published systems of propositions of this kind, lie under certain definite objections from philosophers, as well as under a less definite but even more damaging s...