1. Landauer’s Principle and the fundamentals of Reversible Logic. 2. Feynman, Fredkin and Toffoli gates. 3. Multiple -valued reversible logic and gates (Picton’s gates and circuits, our generalizations). 4. In the search of the best universal reversible gates. 5. Logic synthesis using reversible gates. 5.1. Cascades and work of Sasao/Kinoshita 5.2. Other regular structures and works of Picton, ...

The logic gates are the fundamental building blocks of VLSI and embedded applications. These gates can be designed using several design techniques and implemented at different levels of architectures. This paper focuses on design and evaluate the performance of logic gates used in the Adders and Multiplier using various design technique like CMOS design GDI design and PTL design. These differen...

Reversible logic has emerged as one of the most important approaches for the power optimization with its application in low power VLSI design. They are also the fundamental requirement for the emerging field of the Quantum computing having with applications in the domains like Nano-technology, Digital signal processing, Cryptography, Communications. Implementing the reversible logic has the adv...

Synthetic cellular logic gates are primarily built from gene circuits owing to their inherent modularity. Single proteins can also possess logic gate functions and offer the potential to be simpler, quicker, and less dependent on cellular resources than gene circuits. However, the design of protein logic gates that are modular and integrate with other cellular components is a considerable chall...

Logic gates were fabricated from an array of configurable switches, each consisting of a monolayer of redox-active rotaxanes sandwiched between metal electrodes. The switches were read by monitoring current flow at reducing voltages. In the "closed" state, current flow was dominated by resonant tunneling through the electronic states of the molecules. The switches were irreversibly opened by ap...

In this paper, logical masking capability of commonly used logic gates such as NOT, AND/NAND, OR/NOR, and XOR/XNOR, when subject to single/multiple input faults, are analyzed from a mathematical perspective. A new metric, called Gate Error Metric (GEM) is proposed to study the extent of output error in these gates when subject to potential input fault occurrences, where less value of GEM implie...

Differential Power Analysis used in the crypto circuits may be attacked by an another/separate party, using power consumption dependence on secret message/information for hiding critical data (information).To avoid DPA and security basis differential logic styles are basically used, because of constant power dissipation. This paper is also proposed a new design methodology to improvement of pul...

Organisms must process information encoded via developmental and environmental signals to survive and reproduce. Researchers have also engineered synthetic genetic logic to realize simpler, independent control of biological processes. We developed a three-terminal device architecture, termed the transcriptor, that uses bacteriophage serine integrases to control the flow of RNA polymerase along ...

Every user of programmable logic at some point faces the question: “How large a device will I require to fit my design?” In an effort to provide guidance to their users, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) manufacturers, including Xilinx, describe the capacity of FPGA devices in terms of “gate counts.” “Gate counting” involves measuring logic capacity in terms of the number of 2-input NAND gat...

Recent research has shown that cryptographers with glitches are vulnerable in front of Side Channel Attacks (SCA). Since then, several methods, such as Wave Dynamic Differential Logic (WDDL) and Masked Dual-Rail Pre-charge Logic (MDPL), have been presented to make circuits clean. In this paper, we propose a more accurate power model based on logic gates’ output transitions and divide it into pi...