research topics dealing with the application of the markal model have been quite common in the last 20+ years. every new paper has added new insight into the potential of using such a model for a variety of purposes. not only global but also local applications have shown both limits and benefits when dealing with manifold energy-environmental-resources optimal management. the aim of this wo...

most of the ingested foreign bodies pass uneventfully through the gastrointestinal tract. however, long and rigid foreign bodies are associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal impaction, perforation, and bleeding. spontaneous passage of a toothbrush has not been reported till date and the technique of its removal is a curiosity for surgeons. endoscopy is a recommended technique for t...

the purpose of the present article is to carry out a review of the literature on two local anesthetic agents, which are the most commonly used drugs in dental procedures. it would provide a clear concept about the local anesthetics, their dosages and exact usage in dental surgeries.

the intraoperative care of pheochromocytomas can be difficult and lead to serious complications. we present a case of a 46 year-old female undergoing laparoscopic resection of pheochromocytoma, who was scheduled for surgery with phenoxybenzamine and amlodipin. under general anesthesia cardiovascular stability was achieved by peritumoral infiltration of lidocaine during resection.

Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) progresses with parasite persistence, fibrosis, and electrical alterations associated with an unbalanced immune response such as high plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and nitric oxide (NO). Presently, the available treatments only mitigate the symptoms of CCC. To improve CCC prognosis, we interfered with the parasite load and unbalanced immune r...

TRAF family member-associated NF-κB activator (TANK)-binding kinase1 (TBK1) is a serine-threonine kinase at the crossroads of multiple interferon (IFN)-inducing signaling pathways in innate immunity. The importance of TBK1 in antiviral immunity is well established in mammal models, but in chicken, the molecular characterization and potential function of TBK1 remain unclear. In the present study...

In vivo and in vitro studies have indicated that the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) is an immunoregulator and functions in the development of the neonatal immune system. In this study, prolactin receptor (PRL-R) expression from birth to adulthood as well as the effect of milk ingestion on the PRL-R expression were examined in splenocytes and thymocytes of neonatal rats. Three approa...

background the incidence of transient neurologic symptoms (tns) after spinal anesthesia with lidocaine is reported as high as 40%. objectives this prospective clinical trial was designed to determine the incidence of tns in patients who underwent spinal anesthesia with two different needles, in two different surgical positions. patients and methods the present randomized clinical trial was cond...