BACKGROUND In January 1998, the California state legislature extended a workplace smoking ban to bars. The purpose of this study was to explore the conditions that facilitate or hinder compliance with a smoking ban in bars. METHODS We studied the implementation of the smoking ban in bars by interviewing three sets of policy participants: bar employers responsible for complying with the law; l...

But it was the 1987 Brundtland Commission that introduced sustainable development into the political mainstream, as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. Global summits in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and Johannesburg in 2002 led to multiple governmental commitments on sustainable development, and helped to ex...

This paper analyses the relationship between governance, asset allocation, and risk among state and local government-operated pension systems in the United States. It is argued that governance influences investment decisions and risk profiles of public sector pension systems, creating the potential for agency problems to exist between decision makers, plan members, and taxpayers. JEL Codes: J2,...

Classic patent theory relies on an incentive model to justify the grant of exclusionary patent rights. 1 Under the model, potential patent rights provide an incentive to those who would set about the task of innovating. In constitutional language, this incentive operates to “promote the progress” in the “useful arts.” Patents are only one tool of innovation policy, and we regularly find innovat...

p ,.s I believed?based on a deliberate ?elcV that H.M.C. members should Speak to members of the staff about pWork of the hospital. erhaps Mental Health could tell us: w) The contribution of the Hospital arenagement Committee; how members ^ elected, their age and background, jn at they are expected to do, what train\^^they receive, their length of office, etc. an,at is the machinery for suggesti...

This paper explores the role of local context on the effectiveness of overall employment strategy in reducing rural labor forces through non-agricultural rural employment. Compared to other regions in China, rural labor migration in Pingliang city, Gansu has owned unique characteristics. In the light of rural labor resource status, local government adjusts measures to particular conditions and ...

The Melanoma Independent Board (MIB) held its first conference from 21 to 22 October, 2013, in Rome, Italy. Like the MIB itself, the conference brought together specialists from all aspects of cancer care: doctors, patient associations, journalists, and representatives from local government, hospitals, and pharma to encourage an interdisciplinary discussion on the future of melanoma. It was hop...

THE Belfast Charitable Society is Belfast's oldest charitable foundation, and Clifton House is the oldest public building in the city still substantially in its original state. Its history is interesting, because it is in essence the history of the evolution of Belfast over the last two centuries. The original initention of the founders wvas to build a poorhouse and hospital. Once this was acco...