Directional features have been successfully used for the recognition of both machine-printed and handwritten Kanji characters for the last decade. This paper attempts to explain why the directional features are effective. First, the advances of directional features and related methods are briefly reviewed. Then the properties that the similarity measure should hold are discussed and simulation ...

Saphenous veins used in aortocoronary bypass procedures slowly narrow. The narrowing and atherosclerosis appear to develop in reaction to the new flow conditions present in the saphenous veins. Localization of atherosclerosis in the arterial system also suggests that local flow conditions play a role in atherogenesis; plaques are characteristically found in regions of separated flow. The patter...

Saphenous veins used in aortocoronary bypass procedures slowly narrow. The narrowing and atherosclerosis appear to develop in reaction to the new flow conditions present in the saphenous veins. Localization of atherosclerosis in the arterial system also suggests that local flow conditions play a role in atherogenesis; plaques are characterically found in regions of separated flow. The pattern o...

To test whether quantitative traits are under directional or homogenizing selection, it is common practice to compare population differentiation estimates at molecular markers (F(ST)) and quantitative traits (Q(ST)). If the trait is neutral and its determinism is additive, then theory predicts that Q(ST) = F(ST), while Q(ST) > F(ST) is predicted under directional selection for different local o...

most of the erythrocyte related diseases are detectable by hematology images analysis. at the first step of this analysis, segmentation and detection of blood cells are inevitable. in this study, a novel method using a line operator and watershed algorithm is rendered for erythrocyte detection and segmentation in blood smear images, as well as reducing over-segmentation in watershed algorithm t...

Freezing colloidal suspensions widely exists in nature and industry. Interface instability has attracted much attention for the understandings of the pattern formation in freezing colloidal suspensions. However, the interface instability modes, the origin of the ice banding or ice lamellae, are still unclear. In-situ experimental observation of the onset of interface instability remains absent ...