Crumpled sheets have a surprisingly large resistance to further compression. We have studied the crumpling of thin sheets of Mylar under different loading conditions. When placed under a fixed compressive force, the size of a crumpled material decreases logarithmically in time for periods up to three weeks. We also find hysteretic behavior when measuring the compression as a function of applied...

Onsager symmetry implies that a Brownian motor, driven by a temperature gradient, will also perform a refrigerator function upon loading. We analytically calculate the corresponding heat flow for an exactly solvable microscopic model and compare it with molecular dynamics simulations.

The purpose of this document is to introduce the Internet Messaging Access Protocol (IMAP), discuss its relevance for both service providers and users. The paper provides examples of the kind of users who will benefit from the use of the IMAP protocol and will outline how overall system usage and loading is expected to be different from that of systems based on the traditional POP3 protocol.

ABSTRACT Pope & Talbot Ltd., Arrow Lakes Timber Division, Nakusp, B.C. having no alternative options constructed a forest road with adverse haul grades up to 16%, to access a harvesting area. The company did not know the exact limitations of the adverse haul grade, but it did plan to use highway sized loads on this off-highway haul, thus sacrificing some productivity. When the road was complete...

Satellite-based measurements of atmospheric trace gases loading give a realistic image of atmospheric pollution at global, regional, and urban level. The aim of this paper is to investigate the trend of atmospheric NO2 content over Romania for the period 1996-2010 for several regions which are generally characterized by different pollutant loadings, resulting from GOME-1, SCIAMACHY, OMI, and GO...

A phase-field model of a crack front propagating in a three-dimensional brittle material is used to study the fractographic patterns induced by the branching instability. The numerical results of this model give rise to crack surfaces that are similar to those obtained in various experimental situations. Depending on applied loading configurations and initial conditions, we show that the branch...

This paper presents an experimental investigation of bond-strengthening hooks as a new method to increase bond strength along flexural reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The proposed method attempts to increase confining stiffness around the flexural bars by placing U-shaped hooks and to prevent premature bond splitting failure. Ten specimens with different numbers and sizes of...

A physical deduction of the FN = kh(3/2) relation (where FN is normal force, k penetration resistance, and h penetration depth) for conical/pyramidal indentation loading curves has been achieved on the basis of elementary mathematics. The indentation process couples the productions of volume and pressure to the displaced material that often partly plasticizes due to such pressure. As the pressu...

This paper presents a mathematical model for predicting the geometrical shapes of rigid, two-pin, moment-less arches of constant cross section. The advancement of this work lies in the inclusion of arch self-weight and the ability to produce moment-less arch forms for any span/rise ratio, and any ratio of uniformly distributed load per unit span, w, to uniformly distributed arch weight per unit...

This paper presents current design approaches found in the U.S. and European building codes and standards for the prevention of progressive collapse due to abnormal loading. Because the definition of abnormal loading is not well established, design provisions are based on an approach that protects buildings by means of strength, ductility and redundancy. The effectiveness of seismic detailing o...