We analyze spectral efficiency of a dynamic time division duplex system in a fixed wireless cellular network. Conventionally, spectral efficiency has been analyzed under static and fully-loaded conditions. In this paper, we investigate how asymmetric and dynamic traffic affects spectral efficiency of TDD systems. Recently, dynamic TDD (D-TDD) has gained much attention as an efficient duplex sch...

In this study Isoniazid (INH) as one of the first line drugs in treatment of Tuberculosis was investigated to be loaded in Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) for reducing hepatotoxicity as well as prolonging drug release. High shear homogenization method was performed to prepare INH SLNs. To compare biodistribution of INH before and after loading in SLNs, INH was labeled by Technetium 99 (Tc99) a...

RATIONALE Acquired diaphragm muscle weakness is a key feature in several chronic conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, and difficult weaning from mechanical ventilation. No drugs are available to improve respiratory muscle function in these patients. Recently, we have shown that the calcium sensitizer levosimendan enhances the force-generating ca...

Poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PECL) copolymers were synthesized from polyethylene glycol (PEG) and epsilon-caprolactone (epsilon-CL) using stannous octoate as catalyst at 160 degrees C by bulk polymerization. The effect of the molecular weight of PEG and the copolymer ratio on the properties of the copolymers was investigated by (1)H-NMR, IR, DSC and GPC. PCL and PECL micros...

This paper reports the results of two sewage treatment tests in a community of 15,000 inhabitants. The sewage treatment plant is subject to strong fluctuations in load (BOD5, COD, TKN), and in particular in the BOD5/TKN ratio. These fluctuations adversely affect the biological denitrification, as demonstrated by many pilot and real-scale plants. The plants we tested were subjected to two treatm...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate microencapsulated controlled release preparations of theophylline using ethylcellulose as the retardant material with high entrapment efficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microspheres were prepared by water-in-oil-in-oil (W/O1/O2) emulsion-solvent diffusion (ESD). A mixed solvent system consisting of acetonitrile and dichloromethane ...

The use of dense gases (DGs), particularly CO2, as solvents for pharmaceutical reformulation has attracted great attention due to the excellent tunability of their solvating power. Other attractive advantages for processing of active pharmaceutical ingredients include mild processing temperatures and limited usage of organic solvents. In this work, we applied a novel process based on the DG tec...

Continuing our quantitative analysis of rho-dependent termination at the trp t ' terminator, we here present evidence that the position of rho-dependent terminators along the template is strongly regulated by the secondary structure of the nascent RNA transcript, and that the prerequisite for establishing an effective kinetic competition between elongation and rho-dependent RNA release at a par...

Biodegradation of chloroform along with a mixture of VOCs (methanol, ethanol, acetone and toluene) commonly found in pharmaceutical emissions using a biotrickling filter (BTF) was evaluated. The performance of the BTF was evaluated for both steady and transient conditions, for different inlet loading rates (ILR), empty bed residence time (EBRT) and inlet chloroform concentrations. Among the VOC...