This study is an attempt to investigate the effect of the nano-kaolinite concentration on the liquefaction resistance of liquefiable sand from Gorgan city of Iran. To examine the influence of the nano-kaolinite concentration on the liquefaction resistance of nano-kaolinite-sand mixtures, three different nano-kaolinite concentrations: 3%, 6% and 9% were prepared. Cyclic triaxial tests were condu...

The city of Portoviejo in coastal Ecuador was severely affected during the 16 April 2016, Pedernales earthquake (Mw 7.8). Various coseismic liquefaction phenomena occurred, inducing lateral spreading, sand boils, ground subsidence, and sinkholes soils with poor geotechnical quality alluvial alluvial–colluvial sedimentary environment. Therefore, main aim this study to collect data from standard ...

Recent ground failure case histories after 1994 Northridge, 1999 Kocaeli and 1999 Chi-Chi earthquakes revealed that low-plasticity silt-clay mixtures generate significant cyclic pore pressures and can exhibit a strain-softening response, which may cause significant damage to overlying structural systems. In this study, results of cyclic tests performed on undisturbed specimens of ML, CL, MH and...

This study evaluates granular liquefaction triggering case-history data using a nonparametric approach. This approach assumes no functional form in the relationship between liquefied and nonliquefied cases as measured using cone penetration test (CPT) data. From a statistical perspective, this allows for an estimate of the threshold of liquefaction triggering unbiased by prior functional forms,...

The selection of proper refrigerants for natural gas liquefaction processes play a key role in cycle?s efficiency. Mixed have been proven to improve exergy efficiency over single pure refrigerant. However, the future some these with higher global warming potential index are unknown due continuous restriction being enforced by energy and environmental agencies past few decades. This study examin...

Wood liquefaction was conducted using phenol as a reagent solvent with a weak acid catalyst in two different reactors: (Alma et al., 1995a.) an atmospheric glass reactor and (Alma et al., 1995b.) a sealed Parr reactor. Residues were characterized by wet chemical analyses, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FT-IR spectra of the liquefied wood residu...

Liquefaction of soil is one of the major causes for the significant damages to the buildings, lifeline systems and harbor facilities caused by the earthquakes. At present artificial intelligence techniques such as artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) based models are found to be more efficient compared to statistical methods. The present study discusses about the eva...

This paper presents a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) and support vector machine (SVM) techniques to predict the potential of soil liquefaction. GA is employed in selecting the optimal values of the kernel function and the penalty parameter in SVM model to improve the forecasting accuracy. The database used in this study includes 109 CPT-based field observations from five major earthquakes betwee...

The aim of the study is to clarify the vitreous body structure and liquefaction phenomena. It was found that when melting a frozen rabbit vitreous body, the gel-sol transition phenomenon occurs and the gel structure is broken. This is almost like the liquefaction of the vitreous body in vivo. We try to clarify the liquefaction phenomenon by using this animal model. The native vitreous body has ...