The uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol blocks the final step of lipopolysaccharide assembly--transfer of O antigen from undecaprenyl pyrophosphate to core lipopolysaccharide--in intact Salmonella typhimurium but not in isolated membrane fractions. The O-antigen ligase enzyme is not inhibited by dinitrophenol in vitro, and core lipopolysaccharide synthesized in the presence of uncoupler in vivo is func...

Moesin is a 78-kDa protein with diverse functions in linking the cytoskeleton to the membrane while controlling cell shape, adhesion, locomotion, and signaling. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression and localization of moesin in mononuclear phagocytes by using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, and Western blotting and to analyze the function of moesin ...

OBJECTIVE Fluid resuscitation to improve delivery of oxygen to vital organs is a principal clinical intervention for septic patients. We previously reported that albumin resuscitation in rat endotoxemia improved contractility in isolated cardiomyocytes, but whether this effect occurs in vivo is unknown. We hypothesized that albumin resuscitation would improve decreased ventricular contractility...

Lipopolysaccharide isolated from colicin E2-sensitive Escherichia coli and from "receptor-minus" mutants inhibits the activity of colicin E2. Lipid A and the polysaccharide fraction obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide are inactive either alone or when tested in combination. Periodate oxidation of lipopolysaccharide destroys over 85% of its inhibition activity.

Several immunobiological properties of cell envelope components of Vibrio cholerae such as mitogenicity, antigenicity, adjuvanticity and toxicity were tested in mice. Killed whole bacteria, spheroplasts, lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane proteins possessed mitogenic activity as determined by [3H]thymidine uptake in spleen cell cultures. All these components predominantly stimulated murine b...

In this study it was shown that the O101 lipopolysaccharide isolated from Escherichia coli B41 did not contain an O-specific polysaccharide and that its sugar moiety is probably restricted to the core oligosaccharide. It is characterized by the presence of galactose, glucose, N-acetylglucosamine, heptose and 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid and the fatty acid composition is typical of an Ente...

The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of BRP, a polysaccharide fraction isolated from Boschniakia rossica, against galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide induced fulminant hepatic failure. Mice were injected with a single dose of galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide with or without pretreatment of BRP. Results showed marked reduction of hepatic necrosis, serum marker en...

The immediate or innate immune response is the first line of defense against diverse microbial pathogens and requires the expression of recently discovered toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLR4 serves as a specific receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and is localized on the surface of a subset of mammalian cells. Although innate immunity is a necessary host defense against microbial pathogens, the...

mass spectrometry analysis of lipopolysaccharide-derived 3-hydroxy fatty acids. Gram-negative cell walls were also measured by using two-dimensional gas chromatography/electron-capture analysis of diaminopimelic acid originating from the peptidoglycan. The correlation between the results of the Limulus assay and those of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of the lipopolysacc...

Extraction of the cell envelope of E. coli with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate yielded a lipopolysaccharide protein that was purified to homogeneity by conventional techniques. Analysis of the pure protein indicated that it is a complex lipopolysaccharide protein with the following molar ratios of constitutents: 3-deoxyoctulosonate, 1.0; glucosamine, 1.3; neutral sugar (glucose + heptose), 1.0; orga...