we introduce and  study  fuzzy (co-)inner product and fuzzy(co-)norm of hyperspaces. in this regard by considering  the notionof hyperspaces, as a generalization of vector spaces, first we willintroduce the notion of fuzzy (co-)inner product in hyperspaces and will apply it to formulate the notions offuzzy (co-)norm and fuzzy (co-)orthogonality  in hyperspaces. inparticular, we will prove that ...

in this paper the risk of heavy metals discharged from the acidic sludge leachate into groundwater in a landfill located in fajr industrial area )garmsar( has been assessed using iwem software. acidic sludge as one of the industrial hazardous wastes is produced during purification of used oil with mienken )acidic( method. the concentrations of heavy metals )cd, ni, co, pb, zn, mn, cu( in the ac...

Traditionally, terms together with Sweedler notation are used to express computations in (generalized) bialgebras. Here, an algebra is a vector space equipped with an operation μ : ⊗→  and a bialgebra is an algebra  equipped with a co-operation δ :  →  ⊗ . The operation μ must be (bi)linear and satisfy some properties, for instance associativity and/or commutativity. Similarly, the co-op...

Sequence labeling has wide applications in natural language processing and speech processing. Popular sequence labeling models suffer from some known problems. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are generative models and they cannot encode transition features; Conditional Markov models (CMMs) suffer from the label bias problem; And training of conditional random fields (CRFs) can be expensive. In this...

Co-heritability is an important concept that characterizes the genetic associations within pairs of quantitative traits. There has been significant recent interest in estimating the co-heritability based on data from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS). This paper introduces two measures of co-heritability in the highdimensional linear model framework, including the inner product of the ...

Suppose we are given a compact curve x. It has long been known that τ is generic [14]. We show that δ is equal to S ′. In [14], it is shown that Peano’s criterion applies. A central problem in rational logic is the computation of Weil–de Moivre domains.

It has been shown [6], [5], that equidistant letter sequence (ELS) pairs in the book of Genesis (G) form more compact geometric patterns on the surface of a cylinder than is expected at random. This phenomenon has been demonstrated in G for specific lists of biographical data. We extend these results and show that: (a) The compactness phenomenon holds for triplets of elements where two elements...

The reduction of a 1.3% Rh/TiO2 sample with carbon monoxide leads to the formation of uniform Rh nanoparticles with a mean diameter of dp ≈ 2.2 nm. Adsorption of CO on the reduced Rh/TiO2 produces linear and bridged carbonyls bound to metallic Rh(0) sites and only a few geminal dicarbonyls of Rh(I). The ν(CO) of linear Rh(0)-CO complexes is strongly coverage dependent: it is observed at 2078 cm...

In this paper we review necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a common linear co-positive Lyapunov function for switched linear positive systems. Both the state dependent and arbitrary switching cases are considered and a number of applications are presented.

In this paper we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a common linear co-positive Lyapunov function for a finite set of linear positive systems. Both the state dependent and arbitrary switching cases are considered. Our results reveal an interesting characterisation of “linear” stability for the arbitrary switching case; namely, the existence of such a linear Lyapunov...