In this paper, we deal with the independence number of iterated line digraphs of a regular digraph G. We give pertinent lower bounds and give an asymptotic estimation of the ratio of the number of vertices of a largest independent set of the nth iterated line digraph of G. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The study examined whether test awareness contributes to age effects in priming. Younger and older adults were given two priming tests (word-stem completion and category production). Awareness was assessed using both a standard post-test questionnaire and an on-line measure. Results from the on-line awareness condition showed that, relative to older adults, younger adults showed higher levels o...

People map numbers onto horizontal space, forming an implicit mental number line (MNL). The direction of the MNL, which varies across cultures, has often been attributed to the direction of reading and writing words. Yet, this proposal is neither clearly motivated nor well supported by experimental data. Here we tested the hypothesis that fingercounting habits can determine the direction of the...

In the production of perishable goods particular stress is often given to performance indi cators generally less critical in such manufacturing settings as metal cutting or mechan ical electronic assembly For instance in food or biochemical productions a prominent interest of the producer is to reduce the time from distribution to the so called best before end A scheduling problem with a goal o...

hen given a set of properties or conditions (say, three) that are claimed to be equivalent, the claim e s can be verified by supplying what we call a circle of proofs. In the case in point, one proves th econd property or condition from the first, the third from the second, and the first from the third. If r s the proof that 1 implies 2 does not rely on 3, then we say that the proof is pure wit...

Smile line is one of the most important element of the smile esthetics. In an attractive smile, the maxillary anterior incisal curve is parallel to the lower lip. With the changes in face, lips and teeth muscles, which are caused by aging, this element (smile line) also changes. Aging causes smile line to move from its parallel position and in complete smile, formulate different shapes relative...

Off-line scheduling and fixed priority scheduling (FPS) are often considered as complementing and incompatible paradigms. A number of industrial applications demand temporal properties (predictability, jitter constraints, endto-end deadlines, etc.) that are typically achieved by using off-line scheduling. The rigid off-line scheduling schemes used, however, do not provide for flexibility. FPS h...