This planning study was performed to compare stereotactic linac based radiosurgery of Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM) with current Helical Tomotherapy (HT) and future HT techniques. For 10 patients with AVM, dose distributions and treatment times of "regular" HT delivery (Reg 2.5/1/0.6 cm field width), Running-Start-Stop Treatment (RSS 5/2.5 cm), Axial Mode (Axial 5 cm) and Dynamic Jaw/Dynami...

After extraction, the damping ring (DR) bunch length is eom@essed in the RTL (Ring-To-Linac) transport line to achieve the desired linac bunch length. For this, an energy spread is induced proportional to the DR bunch length, producing large, aperture filling, horizontal beam sizes in the dispersive regions of the RTL. There, nonlinear magnetic fields and wakefields cause higher order dispersio...

Experiments measuring cosmic rays above an energy of ∼ 10 eV deduce the energy and mass of the primary cosmic ray particles from air-shower simulations. We investigate the importance of hadronic interactions at low and high energies on the distributions of muons and electrons in showers on ground. In air shower simulation programs, hadronic interactions below an energy threshold in the range fr...

Primary GCR interact with the Earth’s atmosphere originating atmospheric showers, thus giving rise to fluxes of secondary particles in the atmosphere. Electromagnetic and hadronic interactions interplay in the production of these particles, whose detection is performed by means of complementary techniques in different energy ranges and at different depths in the atmosphere, down to the Earth’s ...

This study investigates the characteristics of prompt radiation field and some issues of induced activities due to the operation of the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). Starting from assumed beam loss scenarios and using the FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations, energy spectra and dose distributions of the prompt radiation field for its shielding design were studied. Radiation environment around the penetr...

PURPOSE This study investigates the feasibility and potential benefits of radiotherapy with a 1.5T MR-Linac for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA NSCLC) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten patients with LA NSCLC were retrospectively re-planned six times: three treatment plans were created according to a protocol for conventionally fractionated radiotherapy and three treatment pla...

We report on a comparison study of the Monte Carlo packages GEANT4 and FLUKA for simulating neutron production by muons penetrating deep underground. GEANT4 is found to generate fewer neutrons at muon energies above ∼100 GeV, by at most a factor of 2 in some materials, which we attribute mainly to lower neutron production in hadronic cascades. As a practical case study, the muon-induced neutron...

Introduction Shielding calculations for the GSI future project [1] have been performed using the radiation transport code FLUKA [2, 3]. FLUKA is capable of simulating hadronic and electro-magnetic interactions of particles with matter. Here the task is to attenuate radiation generated inside experimental areas or accelerators to a dose rate not larger than 0.5μSv/h at outer walls and to estimat...

Dalian Coherent Light Source (DCLS) will use a 300MeV LINAC to produce fully coherent photon pulses in the wavelength range between 150-50nm by high gain harmonic generation free electron laser (FEL) scheme [1]. Beam quality requirements for the linear accelerator (linac) are critical, including not only the beam brightness, but also the stability and the reliability. In this paper, optimizatio...

Linac4 is a normal conducting H_ linac proposed at CERN to provide a higher proton flux to the CERN accelerator chain. It should replace the existing Linac2 as injector for the PS booster (PSB). The same machine can also operate in the future as the front end of the SPL, a 2.2GeV superconducting linac with 1.8 mA average current. At present Linac4 consists of a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ),...