PURPOSE The aim of this Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study was to measure the degree of conversion (DC) of dual-cured resin cements light-irradiated through zirconia ceramic disks with different thicknesses using various light-curing methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zirconia ceramic disks (KT12) with three different thicknesses (1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mm) were prepared. The light ...

the degradation of crude oil under a no-control and dispersant-control setting was evaluated using loss of biological activity test, microbial population growth and measurements of optical transmittance of test media. comparison of the toxicity of crude oil under the no-control setting to crude oil-dispersant mixture revealed that the mixture was about 2 times more toxic than the crude oil unde...

We present a method to render approximate indirect light transport from surfaces to volumes which is fully dynamic with respect to geometry, the medium and the main light sources, running at interactive speed. This is achieved in a three-step procedure. First, the scene is turned into a view-dependent level-of-detail surfel cloud using fast hardware tessellation. These surfels are lit and repre...

In the early 1960s, the National Bureau of Standards aided the photographic and printing industries by conducting research on precise measurement of optical transmission and reflection density, providing physical standards to calibrate instruments, and writing national and international documentary standards on optical density measurement. Optical density is a logarithmic measure of the darknes...