The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) represents a significant driver of Northern Hemisphere climate, but the forcing mechanisms pacing the AMO remain poorly understood. Here we use the available proxy records to investigate the influence of solar and volcanic forcing on the AMO over the last ~450 years. The evidence suggests that external forcing played a dominant role in pacing the AMO ...

OBJECTIVES The significance of sera with isolated reactive treponemal chemiluminescence immunoassay (IRTCIA) results is unclear. Women have this phenotype more commonly than men. Most cohorts examining this phenotype have included predominantly men and have demonstrated evidence of past or subsequently confirmed syphilis infection in a significant proportion of cases. We hypothesised that a pro...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate the effect of combined femoral and sciatic nerve block (SNB) versus femoral and local infiltration anesthesia (LIA) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from their inception...

In southernmost Greenland near Narsarsuaq, the terminal Narsarsuaq moraine was deposited well outside of a historical Little Ice Age (LIA) moraine adjacent to the modern ice margin. Using 10Be surface exposure dating, we determine Narsarsuaq moraine abandonment at 1.51 0.11 ka. A second set of 10Be ages from a more ice-proximal position shows that ice has been within or at its historical (i.e.,...

The purpose of this study was to characterize spatial and temporal variations of carbonyl compounds in Gumi city, where a number of large electronic-industrial complexes are located. Carbonyl samples were collected at five sites in the Gumi area: three industrial, one commercial, and one residential area. Sampling was carried out throughout a year from December 2003 to November 2004. At one ind...

The sedimentological, geochemical, physical and magnetic properties of 40 surface basal sediment samples box cores collected throughout the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) from Beaufort Shelf to Lancaster Sound were analyzed determine sedimentary processes that operate within CAA during pre- post-industrial periods (i.e., before after 1900 Common Era or CE). In addition, chronology seven sele...

Abstract A 2-dimension linguistic lattice implication algebra (2DL-LIA) can build a bridge between logical and fuzzy information. In this paper, the notion of Boolean element is proposed in 2DL-LIA some properties elements are discussed. Then derivations on 2DL-LIAs introduced related investigated. Moreover, it proves that be constructed by elements.

Owing to the lack of absolutely dated oceanographic information before the modern instrumental period, there is currently significant debate as to the role played by North Atlantic Ocean dynamics in previous climate transitions (for example, Medieval Climate Anomaly-Little Ice Age, MCA-LIA). Here we present analyses of a millennial-length, annually resolved and absolutely dated marine δ18O arch...

We present a modal logic called LIA (Logic of Intention and Attempt) in which we can reason about intention dynamics and intentional action execution. By exploiting the expressive power of LIA, we provide a formal analysis of the relation between intention and action and highlight the pivotal role of attempt in action execution. Besides, we deal with the problems of instrumental reasoning and i...