The relevance of the hierarchy concept in biology has been questioned, but it is nevertheless a useful way to organize our perception of nature. The hierarchical ordering of nature is both structural and dynamic/ with the vertical separation of levels dependent on behavioral frequencies and the horizonal separation the result of the degree of interaction between systems. Within this hierarchy o...

Game theory is usually diffi cult to test precisely in the field because predictions typically depend sensitively on features that are not controlled or observed. We conduct one such test using field data from the Swedish lowest unique positive integer (LUPI) game. In the LUPI game, players pick positive integers and whoever chose the lowest unique number wins a fixed prize. Theoretical equilib...

Technology has reached new heights making sound and video capture devices ubiquitous and affordable. We propose a paradigm to exploit this technology for home care applications especially for surveillance and complex event detection. Complex vision tasks such as event detection in a surveillance video can be divided into subtasks such as human detection, tracking, recognition, and trajectory an...

Separating the different hierarchy types reveals their comprehensive constructive importance based on structural approach, symbolic meaning, object-oriented representation, their combination in looking for self-organization, self-control and conscience. Knowledge and construction hierarchies can cooperate to integrate design and verification into simulation; object-oriented concepts can be symb...

Introduction:  Anxiety disorders are induced by cognitive and behavioral inefficiencies.  Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of group cognitive-behavioral training techniques on social anxiety in nursing students. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest follow-up (one month) and a control group design. The statistical popula...

background and aims. parental acceptance and consent are important parameters in selecting the required behavior management technique during pediatric dental treatment. the present study sought to assess the effect of three different informing methods on the parental acceptance, consent and concern regarding the pharmacological and invasive behavior management techniques used in pediatric denti...

Background: One of the most important strategies in preventing addiction is changing positive attitudes and stabilizing negative attitudes towards opiate abuse. Current research has been comparing the effectiveness of behavioral recognition and stress surmounting techniques instructions on changing students' positive attitudes towards opiate abuse.Methods: To determine the effectiveness of beha...

We impose various oracle mechanisms on nondeterministic pushdown automata, which naturally induce nondeterministic reducibilities among formal languages in a theory of context-free languages. In particular, we examine a notion of nondeterministic many-one CFL reducibility and conduct a ground work to formulate a coherent framework for further expositions. Two more powerful reducibilities— bound...

The “basic level”, according to experiments in cognitive psychology, is the level of abstraction a hierarchy concepts at which humans perform tasks quicker and with greater accuracy than other levels. We argue that applications use concept hierarchies could improve their user interfaces if they ‘knew’ are basic concepts. This paper examines what extent can be learned from data. test utility thr...