Blepharoptosis (ptosis) is one of the most common eyelid disorders encountered in ophthalmology. A detailed history and exam are crucial in the evaluation of a patient presenting with ptosis. This provides the correct guidelines for surgical planning. The appropriate surgical technique is usually determined by the degree of ptosis and levator function. The surgeon should have an armamentarium o...

The Fasanella-Servat operation is much the simplest operation for ptosis and is useful for mild ptosis with good levator function. ' Fasanella and Servat described it as an excision of tarsoconjunctiva along with Muller's muscle and levator palpebrae superioris. However, histopathological examination of the excised tissue has later shown it to contain only tarsoconjunctiva and occasionally Mull...

Differences in eyelid structure are well described in the literature with respect to the Asian eyelid, but discussion of differences in eyelid structure between the other races is scarce. Most of the literature focuses on distinctions between “double” and “single” eyelids. Other clinical and surgical considerations are the presence of epicanthi and palpebral fissure slant. By understanding raci...

The transconjunctival levator aponeurosis advancement without resection of Müller's muscle enables repair of aponeurotic ptosis without the need for surgical exposure through a skin incision. This technique may be preferred by many patients who are reluctant to undergo ptosis surgery because of the possible skin scar and who do not present with excessive upper eyelid laxity. A successful outcom...

Hypothesis / aims of study Levator ani (LA) muscles which consist of the iliococcygeus, puborectalis, and pubococcygeus muscles are believed to play a significant role in the urethral support system [1]. However the relative importance of the three LA muscle components in contributing to the urethral support function remains unclear. The aim of this study is to specify the contributions of the ...

Segmentation of the levator hiatus in ultrasound allows the extraction of biometrics, which are of importance for pelvic floor disorder assessment. We present a fully automatic method using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to outline the levator hiatus in a two-dimensional image extracted from a three-dimensional ultrasound volume. In particular, our method uses a recently developed scaled ...

Segmentation of the levator hiatus in ultrasound allows the extraction of biometrics, which are of importance for pelvic floor disorder assessment. We present a fully automatic method using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to outline the levator hiatus in a two-dimensional image extracted from a three-dimensional ultrasound volume. In particular, our method uses a recently developed scaled ...

INTRODUCTION We describe a surgical technique for ptosis correction in moderate to good levator function involving advancement of the levator aponeurosis via a transconjunctival posterior approach without resection of Müller's muscle. We present our experience of and the results from this method, and review the evolution of posterior approach ptosis surgery. PURPOSE To assess the efficacy and...

OBJECTIVE Until recently, magnetic resonance was the only imaging method capable of assessing the levator ani in vivo. Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound has recently been shown to be able to demonstrate the pubovisceral muscle. The aim of this study was to define the anatomy of the levator hiatus in young nulliparous women with the help of 3D ultrasound. METHODS In a prospective observational...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Musculoskeletal dysfunction is a known cause of dyspareunia and a reason for referral for physical therapist management. The purpose of this case report is to describe the physical therapist management of a patient with dyspareunia and overactivity of the pelvic-floor muscles with a limited number of visits and a focus on self-management strategies. CASE DESCRIPTION Thi...