BACKGROUND Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) describes acute airway narrowing that occurs as a result of exercise. EIB occurs in a substantial proportion of patients with asthma, but may also occur in individuals without known asthma. METHODS To provide clinicians with practical guidance, a multidisciplinary panel of stakeholders was convened to review the pathogenesis of EIB and to ...

Pranlukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist that has been used to treat bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. In vitro data suggest that pranlukast is a substrate of CYP3A4. Thus, the effect of clarithromycin, a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics of pranlukast was examined in an open-label, randomized, two-way crossover study in 16 healthy male volunteers. In treat...

OBJECTIVES To develop explicit and transparent recommendations on controversial asthma management issues in children and to illustrate the usefulness of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach in rating the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. METHODS Health care questions were formulated for 3 controversies in clinical practice: ...

Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma. We report a rare case of a 31-year-old woman with a history of allergic rhinitis and moderate persistent asthma, who experienced severe bruising on her lower extremities after starting montelukast treatment. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of unusual bruising during...

The relative bronchoconstricting potencies of leukotriene E4 (LTE4) methacholine and histamine have been compared in asthmatic and normal subjects. LTE4 responsiveness in asthmatic subjects, as measured by the dose which produced a 35% fall in specific airways conductance (PD35), ranged from 0.06-24.4 nmol (geom mean 4.1 nmol, n = 20). This was significantly less than the PD35 in normal subject...

Experiments on the metabolism and excretion of i.v. administered selectively labeled [3H8]leukotriene C4 in bile duct-cannulated guinea pigs indicated predominantly biliary excretion of tritium. The major leukotriene metabolite in bile was identified as leukotriene D4. By monitoring leukotriene excretion radioimmunochromatographically, it was shown that guinea pigs suffering from anaphylactic s...

leukotriene receptor antagonists(montelukast) have been used for many years in the treatment of asthma both acute and chronic stages. they are accepted commonly as safe but mostly possible side effects are ignored. however, montelukast also could lead to important adverse reactions like hallucinations. in literature only 2 reports have been found about hallucinations with it. one is a study whi...

BACKGROUND Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) are drugs which have been widely used more than ten years. As the use of LTRAs increases, our knowledge with respect to their side effects increases as well. OBJECTIVES The objective of our study was to evaluat the observed side effects of LTRAs used in patients with astma. PATIENTS AND METHODS 1024 patients treated only with LTRAs owing t...

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of bronchial asthma, which is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway, is increasing worldwide. Although inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) play a central role in the treatment of asthma, they cannot achieve good control for all asthmatics, and medications such as leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) with bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects often serve...

Leukotriene B4, at the same intracutaneous doses as bradykinin, reduced the nociceptive threshold in the rat paw. The mechanism of leukotriene B4-induced hyperalgesia was distinguished from that of the hyperalgesia elicited by prostaglandin E2 and bradykinin by its dependence on polymorphonuclear leukocytes and independence of the cyclooxygenation of arachidonic acid.