The role of domestic cats Felis catus in the troubling, on-going decline of many urban bird populations in the UK is controversial. Debate, in the UK and elsewhere, has centred on the level of avian mortality directly imposed by cats, and on whether this is principally compensatory (the ‘doomed surplus’ hypothesis) or additive (the ‘hapless survivor’ hypothesis). However, it is well established...

After incubation with various agents in vitro, the lethal effects of aqueous solutions of Cl. perfringens alpha toxin, C. diphtheriae toxin, and E. coli endotoxin were tested in mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits, respectively. Iron, copper, cysteine, ascorbic acid, and versene counteracted the lethal effects of alpha toxin in mice, while magnesium, manganese, zinc, and citrate did not. Iron also c...

Background: Malathion (MT), an organophosphorus pesticide, induces hepatotoxicity and is associated with hyperglycemia and the development of diabetes mellitus.  Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of sub-acute exposure to sub-lethal dose of MT in the liver of diabetic rats.  Methods: Non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received MT at a dose of 150 mg/kg...

Human toxicity Digoxin is a very toxic compound, with an estimated lethal dose being only a few milligrams. Nausea and vomiting are early signs of acute digoxin toxicity. Among other symptoms are gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) disorders, abdominal pain, diarrhea, hyperkalemia, and muscle pain and weakness. Since digoxin is a cardiac medicine, its overdoses can have severe and multiple effects on...

OBJECTIVES Anthrax infection is associated with devastating cardiovascular sequelae, suggesting unfavorable cardiovascular effects of toxins originated from Bacillus anthracis namely lethal and edema toxins. This study was designed to examine the direct effect of lethal toxins on cardiomyocyte contractile and intracellular Ca(2+) properties. METHODS Murine cardiomyocyte contractile function a...

melissa officinalis  is a well known medisinal plant.different studies performed in mice have shown the sedative.hyonotic,analgesic,antiviral amd antimicrobial effects of this plant.the present  investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effect of percolated extract of this plant against lethal seizure induced by intraperitional injection of pentylentetrazole (PTZ) in wister rats.the study wa...