Abstract Previous research has shown that algorithmic decisions can reflect gender bias. The increasingly widespread utilization of algorithms in critical decision-making domains (e.g., healthcare or hiring) thus lead to broad and structural disadvantages for women. However, women often experience bias discrimination through human may turn the hope receiving neutral objective evaluations. Acros...

Noise pollution is a major problem in cities around the world. The current methods to assess it neglect to represent the real exposure experienced by the citizens themselves, and therefore could lead to wrong conclusions and a biased representations. In this paper we present a novel approach to monitor noise pollution involving the general public. Using their mobile phones as noise sensors, we ...

The human histamine H3 receptor (hH3R) is subject to extensive gene splicing that gives rise to a large number of functional and nonfunctional isoforms. Despite the general acceptance that G protein-coupled receptors can adopt different ligand-induced conformations that give rise to biased signaling, this has not been studied for the H3R; further, it is unknown whether splice variants of the sa...

A small-biased function is a randomized function whose distribution of truth-tables is small-biased. We demonstrate that known explicit lower bounds on the size of (1) general Boolean formulas, (2) Boolean formulas of fan-in two, (3) de Morgan formulas, as well as (4) correlation lower bounds against small de Morgan formulas apply to small-biased functions. As a consequence, any strongly explic...

To successfully apply RNAi, the very first step is to design functional siRNA or shRNA sequences targeting specific genes. Many characteristics of functional synthetic siRNAs have been identified, but it remains questionable if these characteristics can be equally applied to the design of functional shRNAs. Our three-phase algorithm was developed based on the characteristics of functional siRNA...

A family CL of circuits of a matroid M is a linear class if, given a modular pair of circuits in CL, any circuit contained in the union of the pair is also in CL. The pair (M, CL) can be seen as a matroidal generalization of a biased graph. We introduce and study an OrlikSolomon type algebra determined by (M, CL). If CL is the set of all circuits of M this algebra is the Orlik-Solomon algebra o...

We use three allopatric populations of the stalk-eyed fly Teleopsis dalmanni from Southeast Asia to test two predictions made by the sex chromosome drive hypothesis for Haldane's rule. The first is that modifiers that suppress or enhance drive should evolve rapidly and independently in isolated populations. The second is that drive loci or modifiers should also cause sterility in hybrid males. ...

What population does the sample represent? The answer to this question is of crucial importance when estimating a survivor function in duration studies. As is well-known, in a stationary population, survival data obtained from a cross-sectional sample taken from the population at time t(0) represents not the target density f (t) but its length-biased version proportional to t f (t), for t > 0. ...

For q ∈ (0,1) fixed, we characterize the density functions f of absolutely continuous random variables X > 0 with finite expectation whose respective distribution functions satisfy the so-called (LBS) length-bias scaling property X L = qb X , where b X is a random variable having the distribution function b F (x) = (EX )−1 ∫ x 0 y f y d y. For an absolutely continuous random variable X > 0 with...