abstractbackgroundline of treatment for management of hydrocephalus despite available new techniques andsystems of shunting. associated complications should be recognized and managed properly,but the most recognized complications are shunt obstruction which its prevalencethrough surgical approach is discussed here. two approaches (frontal and parietal) are usedto insert ventriculoperitoneal shu...

A 52-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus presented to our institution with nonhealing ulcers on her left lower extremity and toes. She had no cardiac symptoms, with a normal ECG and chest radiograph (Figures 1 and 2). As part of her evaluation she underwent a transesophageal echocardiogram to look for endocarditis, which demonstrated a right-to-left shunt with Valsalva...

Abstract A newborn with hypoplastic left heart underwent a Norwood operation. Obstruction of the Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt was treated stent. During resuscitation, this compressed, which contributed to fatal outcome.

BACKGROUND Intracranial venous congestion is often caused by local venous thrombosis or brain arteriovenous fistulas. Hemodialysis shunts are known to cause venous enlargement in the arm or chest but have not been related to intracranial vascular pathology. Case Description- A 59-year-old woman who presented with increasing headache, gait instability, and memory loss was a renal transplant reci...

A 68 year old woman presented with right ventricular myocardial infarction complicated by refractory hypoxaemia. She was found to have a significant right to left shunt at the atrial level through a previously undiagnosed ostium secundum atrial septal defect. Percutaneous closure of the atrial septal defect with an Amplatzer septal occluder resulted in prompt improvement in her oxygenation and ...

A 73 year old woman presented with profound central cyanosis and a history of a minor stroke. She had normal heart morphology, normal pulmonary artery pressure, and a normal coronary angiography. A patent foramen ovale (PFO) with a massive right to left shunt was demonstrated at the atrial level, with normal pulmonary venous saturations and PO2 values. This rare, age related case of right ventr...

We report a patient with hypoxia secondary to a right-to-left shunt through a patent foramen ovale, following aortic root, valve, and arch replacement due to an aortic dissection in the setting of the Marfan syndrome. Following the operation, he failed extubation twice due to hypoxia. An extensive workup revealed a right-to-left shunt previously not seen. The patent foramen ovale was closed usi...

After lung surgery, some patients complain of unexplained increased dyspnoea associated with hypoxaemia. This clinical presentation may be due to an interatrial right-to-left shunt despite normal right heart pressure. Some of these patients show postural dependency of hypoxaemia, whereas others do not. In this article, the pathogenesis and mechanisms involved in this post-surgical complication ...

he report in this issue of JACC: Cardiovascular Intervenions from Vigna et al. (1) raises more questions about a onfusing area of medicine—the role of persistent foramen vale (PFO) closure in migraine. Persistent foramen ovale is associated with a number of iseases including migraine with aura, cryptogenic stroke, nd decompression illness (2–4). Other right-to-left shunts re also associated wit...

Superior vena cava obstruction is associated with multiple venous collaterals. There is an unusual pathway involving pulmonary venous collaterals in which systemic veins drain directly into the left heart, resulting in a right-to-left shunt. We report here a rare case of systemic to pulmonary venous shunt on both hemithoraces in superior vena cava obstruction associated with Budd-Chiari syndrom...