This paper develops and estimates a dynamic model of employment and child care decisions of women after birth. By estimating the model, I analyze the e¤ect of mothers’ decisions on children outcomes and behaviors. Based on the estimates of the model, I assess the impact of parental leave and child care policies on women’s decisions, children’s well-being and the distribution of income.

Our research indicates that in Kerman and Fars provinces the phenomenal growth of seeds dietary supplements have received considerable interest, because of their presumed safety and potential, nutritional and functional effects. This interest can be attributed to several social and economic factors, including consumer beliefs. The amount of 7 minerals Zn, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, K and Na, were determin...

This study investigated the effect of sowing media on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth Senna fistula L. Treatments were T1 (Top soil), T2 (River sand), T3 (Grinded coconut husk) T4 (weathered sawdust), replicated two times for germination. The treatments arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) data generated was subjected to analysis variance (ANOVA) at 5% level signific...

In this paper, we examine the relationship between individual attributes, aggregate female labor force participation, and family policies, (e.g., child care and family leave) on fertility in developed countries using a hierarchical Bayesian model. Data from the European Values Survey, the World Values Survey, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development are employed in this ana...

Since the 1970s Sweden’s dual-earner model of family policy has gradually been strengthened by expansions of public day-care, extended earnings-related parental leave and individualised income taxation of spouses. Sweden has become a central case for comparative gender policy analysts and aspects of these policies have become a point of reference for policy makers in other advanced welfare stat...

In a tumultuous and unpredictable election year, Americans selected Donald Trump as our 45th president. Mr Trump’s approach to policymaking is still unknown, and his positions on certain issues do not follow the typical partisan patterns within American politics. However, Mr Trump has expressed support for family-oriented policies, including paid family leave and child care subsidies. His admin...

Scholars partly attribute the low number of women in academic science to the impact of the science career on family life. Yet, the picture of how men and women in science--at different points in the career trajectory--compare in their perceptions of this impact is incomplete. In particular, we know little about the perceptions and experiences of junior and senior scientists at top universities,...

The authors investigate the relationship between family policy and women's attachment to the labor market, focusing specifically on policy feedback on women's subjective work commitment. They utilize a quasi-experimental design to identify normative policy effects from changes in mothers' work commitment in conjunction with two policy changes that significantly extended the length of statutory ...