Bone marrow aspiration biopsies are carried out principally to permit cytological assessment but also for immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, molecular genetic, and other specialised investigations. Often, a trephine biopsy is carried out as part of the same procedure. Bone marrow aspirations should be carried out by trained individuals who are aware of the indications, contraindications, and hazard...

NEWARK, N .J. [A.P.] — Got a cold? Dr. John T. Connell will pay you $30 to $50 a day to sit in his office and sneeze. Connell, a specialist in nose problems and allergies, is one of dozens of experts throughout the country who test cold remedies for drug companies trying to find out how well their products work. “ I’m an independent investi­ gator,” he said. “ They come to me. 1 design an exper...

PHOTO: GEN Douglas MacArthur wades ashore during initial landings at Leyte, Philippine Islands, October 1944. W WOULD A LEADER in the Army or in any organization choose to micro-manage subordinates; show a lack of respect for them; choose not to listen to or value their input; or be rude, mean-spirited, and threatening? Most leaders would not. Most people do not choose to act like this. However...

In this paper we ask whether leaders can serve as institutionally imposed solutions to the problem of trust. After briefly reviewing the problematic and fragile nature of trust and cooperation, we argue that leaders can encourage the formation of trust among a group of followers. Their ability to do so, however, is contingent on the willingness of followers to offer their trust to leaders. We t...

This article examines the differences between men and women leaders with respect to their transformational leadership behaviors. Subordinates of the leaders rated the frequency of use of transformational leadership behaviors from five different categories. The five behavior categories and the instrument used (The Leader Behavior Inventory or LBI) to rate those behaviors were developed in severa...

Virtual communities are the uppermost communication spaces and channels for online word-of-mouth. And opinion leaders are the most important group for enterprises’ word-of-mouth communication. As enterprises are engaged in online word-of-mouth marketing activities, the key is to find out the opinion leaders in virtual communities. In this paper, after affirming the effects of opinion leaders an...

Leadership positions are still stereotyped as masculine, especially in male-dominated fields (e.g., engineering). So how do gender stereotypes affect the evaluation of leaders and team cohesiveness in the process of team development? In our study participants worked in 45 small teams (4-5 members). Each team was headed by either a female or male leader, so that 45 leaders (33% women) supervised...