In wireless sensor networks, failures occur due to energy depletion, environmental hazards, hardware failure, communication link errors, etc. These failures could prevent them to accomplish their tasks. Moreover, most routing protocols are designed for ideal environment such as LEACH. Hence, if nodes fail the performance of these protocols degrade. In this context, we propose two improved versi...

Geotextiles incorporating inorganic nutrients (particularly phosphorous) to enhance the growth of oil degrading microoganisms when geotextiles are used in pervious pavement applications have been shown to be effective in the past. However the cost and manufacturing difficulties have been a barrier to their use. A polypropylene random mat geotextile incorporating an alternative polymer additive ...

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a series of wireless networks consisting several nodes in limited area. Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Grid-Based (G-LEACH) methods are clustering used to collet data by the WSN The process for both same, namely select node as Cluster head (CH) whose job from other sink. selection CH carried out each round taking into account probability fo...

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are the network of sensor nodes which communicate with each other and with the base station using wireless channel. Due to extensive use of wireless sensor networks it is necessary to improve its security. WSN nodes are prone to physical attacks. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) face security threats so traditional key management schemes are no longer accurate for WS...