The aim of this study was to investigate whether Portulaca oleracea (PO) extracts have hypoxic neuroprotective effects and if so, by what mechanism. After being orally administrated with the PO extracts or distilled water for seven days, adult male BALB/c mice were adapted to a normobaric low oxygen environment (10% oxygen and 90% nitrogen) for different time and then were sacrificed. The mouse...

High throughput toxicological estimation is required for safety evaluation in the early stage of drug discovery. In this context, establishment of an in vitro screening system reflecting in vivo toxicity is demanded for earlier safety assessment. We investigated LDH release and mitochondrial respiration (WST-1 reduction assay; WST-1) to detect cytotoxicity, morphological evaluation, and proteom...

OBJECTIVE To study mechanical overload of mature meniscal tissue under normal and pro-inflammatory conditions in vitro. METHOD Three days after a single unconfined compression (strain: 25-75%, strain rate 1/s) of meniscal explants from 16 to 24 months-old cattle combined with interleukin-1-treatment (IL-1, 10 ng/ml) release of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs; dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay), la...

The Italian-native Mediterranean brown trout (Salmo ghigii) is a seriously threatened freshwater fish, especially by anthropogenic hybridisation with the domestic strains of Atlantic origin that have been repeatedly released into wild for angling. A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay diagnostic lactate dehydrogenase chain-1 (LDH-C1) gene sequences has routinely applied to...

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) previously classified as antimicrobial agents have been widely used in consumers and industrial products, especially food storage material. Ag NPs used as antimicrobial agents may be found in liver. Thus, examination of the ability of Ag NPs to penetrate the liver is warranted. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal viability assay for using with Ag NPs ...

BACKGROUND A broad spectrum of cytotoxicity assays is currently used in the fields of (eco)toxicology and pharmacology. To choose an appropriate assay, different parameters like test compounds, detection mechanism, specificity, and sensitivity have to be considered. Furthermore, tissue or cell line can influence test performance. For zebrafish (Danio rerio), as emerging model organism, cell lin...

Several in vivo and in vitro studies provide convincing evidence for the anticarcinogenic properties of phytic acid (PA) (Inositol hexaphosphate, IP6). The objectives of this investigation were to elucidate the effects of PA on suppression of colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and to study the inhibitory effect of IP6 on human colon carcinoma, CaCo-2 cell line. Fisher 344 male, weanling rats wer...

Plasma levels of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) are elevated during the course of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and the molecule has an impact on virus replication. This study investigated the mode of cell death and release of HMGB1 during HIV-1 infection in vitro. MT4 cells and primary CD4(+) T cells were infected with HIV-1 isolates, and HMGB1 release was mo...

Endothelial cell injury is a critical component of atherosclerosis and hypertension. Vaccarin is considered to be of potential benefit in the treatment of vascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible effects of vaccarin in human EA·hy926 cells induced by high glucose, and to investigate its underlying mechanism in the prevention and treatment of high glucose-indu...

Particulate Matter (PM) has a significant impact on human health and increases the risk of respiratory diseases. PM exposure is linked to various illnesses, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurological pregnancy complications, contributes both mortality morbidity globally. can also influence autonomic nervous system. The evidence suggests that likelihood developing lung cancer contin...