A growing need exists for electrical interconnect analysis ( E I A ) fo r chips, packages and printed circuit boards. I n this short tutorial we review key issues regarding EIA for V L S I parasitic circuits. W e give a general introduction of important aspects for technologies with different performances and then we review some issues of concern fo r state of the art high performance chips and...

This paper generalizes the idea of “multiple resonance networks” to energy transfers between inductors and between capacitors and inductors, extending the theory about this class of LC lossless circuits. The networks discussed have the property of transferring all the energy initially stored in a particular capacitor or inductor in an LC network to another element in the network, through a line...

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are electrochemical devices that show the highest power densities compared to the other type of fuel cell. In this work, nanocomposite membranes used for proton exchange membrane fuel cells as poly(vinyl alcohol)/La2Ce2O7 (PVA-LC) with the aim of increasing the water uptake and proton conductivity. Glutaraldehyde (GA) was used as cross linking agent ...

bulbospinal noradrenergic pathways are shown to have an important role in descending inhibition of pain sensation. locus ceruleus (lc), as a rich noradrenergic nucleus in the brain stem which has projections into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, was evaluated for antinociceptive activity by using tonic and phasic pain models in the rat. lc-lesioned rats demonstrated moderate increase in both...

To define the clinical characteristics of multiple lung cancer (LC) associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), we reviewed 154 LC patients associated with IPF: 23 patients with synchronous multiple LC (IPF-multiple LC group) and 131 with single LC (IPF-single LC group), and these were compared with 4,931 patients with LC from 1975 to 1977 in Japan (whole LC group). In the IPF-single a...

We point out that a cold dark matter condensate made of gauge bosons from an extra hidden U(1) sector dubbed hiddenphotons can create a small, oscillating electric density current. Thus, they could also be searched for in the recently proposed LC-circuit setup conceived for axion cold dark matter search by Sikivie, Sullivan and Tanner. We estimate the sensitivity of this setup for hidden-photon...

Endogenous opioids target noradrenergic locus ceruleus (LC) neurons and potently inhibit LC activity. Nonetheless, it has been difficult to demonstrate functional regulation of the LC-noradrenergic system by endogenous opioids because of the lack of effect of opiate antagonists. The present findings provide evidence that endogenous opioids regulate LC neuronal activity during the termination of...

Langerhans cells (LC), the dendritic cells of the epidermis, are distributed in a distinctive regularly spaced array. In the mouse, the LC array is established in the first few days of life from proliferating local precursors, but the regulating signaling pathways are not fully understood. We found that mice lacking the kinase phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 selectively lack LC. Deletion of...

Lung cancer (LC) is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, and responsible for over 1.3 million deaths each year. Currently, LC has a low five year survival rates relative to other cancers, and thus, novel methods to screen for and diagnose malignancies are necessary to improve patient outcomes. Here, we report on a pilot-sized study to evaluate the potential of the sputum microbiome as a source ...

PURPOSE To compare the visibility of the lamina cribrosa (LC) in optic disc images acquired from 60 glaucoma and 60 control subjects using three optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices, with and without enhanced depth imaging (EDI) and adaptive compensation (AC). METHODS A horizontal B-scan was acquired through the center of the disc using two spectral-domain (Spectralis and Cirrus; with a...