Studies were carried out with the serum IgG from a mother and her two children who developed neonatal Graves' disease several weeks after birth. The maternal IgG: (a) stimulated the human thyroid in vitro, but maximal stimulation was found only with dilution of the IgG; (b) was very potent in the long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS)-protector assay, but only when an inhibitor of the system was...

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is transcriptionally active during latent infection in human peripheral sensory ganglia. Viral gene expression includes the latency-associated transcripts (LATs) which have been linked to the ability of the virus to resume replication and reactivate. However, the molecular basis of reactivation and the mechanisms of action of these transcripts are unknown. In...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether herpes simplex virus (HSV) transcripts are present in the corneas of patients with chronic herpetic stromal keratitis. METHODS Corneal buttons from patients with a history of stromal keratitis, but no ongoing active disease, together with positive and negative control tissues, were analyzed by in situ hybridization using single-strand...

YES-associated protein (YAP) is a major effector protein of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, and is phosphorylated by the serine/threonine kinase LATS. Their binding is mediated by the interaction between WW domains of YAP and PPxY motifs of LATS. Their isoforms, YAP2 and LATS1 contain two WW domains and two PPxY motifs respectively. Here, we report the study of the interaction of these doma...

Embryonic signaling pathways, in particular those mediated by Wnt and TGF-β, are known to play key roles in tumor progression through the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Their simultaneous targeting could therefore represent a desirable anticancer strategy. On the basis of recent findings that both Wnt and TGF-β-associated pathways are regulated by Hippo signaling in mamma...

Kriss et al. (1964) postulated that the destruction of the thyroid gland by disease (hyperthyroidism or thyroiditis) or by therapeutic agents (especially 1311) results in the release of an antigen of thyroid cell origin which then stimulates the production of the antibody, LATS. The antibody is then fixed to the tissues of the legs, the phenomenon being facilitated by a number of factors such a...

The Hippo signaling pathway plays an important role in regulation of cell proliferation. Cell density regulates the Hippo pathway in cultured cells; however, the mechanism by which cells detect density remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that changes in cell morphology are a key factor. Morphological manipulation of single cells without cell-cell contact resulted in flat spread or r...

Purpose The aims of this study were to evaluate the expression of the large tumor suppressor (LATS) genes LATS1 and LATS2 by immunohistochemical staining of gastric cancer, and to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of LATS expression and its correlation with overall survival (OS). Materials and Methods LATS1 and LATS2 expression in a tissue microarray was detected by immunohistoche...

CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc) is a multifunctional transmembrane spanning scaffolding protein whose extracellular domain binds with light chain amino acid transporters (Lats) to form the heterodimeric amino acid transporters (HATs). It also interacts with β1 and β3 integrins by its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. This interaction is proposed to be the mechanism whereby CD98 mediates cell sur...

The Hippo pathway significantly correlates with organ size control and tumorigenesis. The activity of YAP/TAZ, a transducer of the Hippo pathway, is required to sustain self-renewal and tumor-initiation capacities in cancer stem cells (CSCs). But, upstream signals that control the mammalian Hippo pathway have not been well understood. Here, we reveal a connection between the Protease-activated ...