Biliary tract cancers include cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and gallbladder cancer (GBC). Despite being considered rare tumours, their incidence is increasing, especially due to an increased of intrahepatic (iCCA).1 The majority patients are diagnosed at late stages, mainly challenges the time diagnosis.2 This means that for patients, only treatment option available palliative management; thus, prog...

With the use of modern information and communication technologies (ICTs), farmers in developing and transition countries can overcome non-market information asymmetries and increase farm productivity. Which kind of ICT is most effective is still uncertain. This study aims at investigating the impact of different kinds of ICTs on farmer’s performance by using survey data collected from raspberry...

Although more empirical and theoretical work is needed to provide strong guidance for educational change agents, we do know some general things about effective propagation of educational innovations. Following Fullan [1], we think of educational innovations as new materials, teaching approaches, and/or beliefs. Each claim and its lesson for TUES PIs is summarized below and then explained in mor...

The intent of this review is to give insight in the present status and on the prospective future of proton therapy. The major point of reference is conventional therapy with photons. Traditional radiotherapy is showing nowadays a very rapid progress using advanced dynamic beam delivery techniques and sophisticated computer algorithms for treatment planning. The new fashionable concepts in medic...

UV radiation is the main etiological agent of most types of skin cancer and a key factor responsible for photoaging. Photoprotection is thus critical to avoid these undesired effects. Sunscreens rank among the best photoprotective measures. Sunscreens are the main components of lotions and creams used to prevent UV-induced damage or to ameliorate its harmful effects. There are 3 types of sunscr...

At the CHRIS/PROBA Workshop held last year in ESRIN a review was presented of various aspects associated with the CHRIS calibration [1]. The review addressed: first, the variation of the dark signal data, secondly, the use of the “generic” dark-field data sets for correcting analogue electronic offsets and, thirdly, the influence of the platform temperature variations on instrument response and...

At the start of 2012, a report from Mumbai, India, that described patients with strains of tuberculosis deemed resistant to all antituberculosis drugs set in motion an eventful year for this disease. What was referred to as totally drug-resistant tuberculosis attracted intense media attention and much debate among health professionals worldwide. Experts convened in March, 2012, by WHO to discus...

The system has been available since early 1995, and has been used experimentally in several sites around the world. We gather here some conclusions from this experimenting and explain what aspects will be included in version 1.3 of Ω, which should be the first largescale release of the system. Not only will the portability and performance of be improved substantially, but new features, includin...

Since the beginning of this century, humanity has been facing a new emerging, or re-emerging, virus threat almost every year: West Nile, Influenza A, avian flu, dengue, Chikungunya, SARS, MERS, Ebola, and now Zika, the latest newcomer. Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, was identified in 1947 in a sentinel monkey in Uganda, and later on in humans in Nigeria. The vi...