BACKGROUND The use of foot orthoses and in-shoe wedges in cycling are largely based on theoretical benefits and anecdotal evidence. This review aimed to systematically collect all published research on this topic, critically evaluate the methods and summarise the findings. METHODS STUDY INCLUSION CRITERIA WERE: all empirical studies that evaluated the effects of foot orthoses or in-shoe wedge...

A method is detailed allowing the computation of three-dimensional (3D) joint angles. Each joint of the equine digit is modelled as a sequence of three single axis rotary joints. The Joint Coordinate System was used; it involves a specific sequence of cardanic angles. The decomposition of the angles was chosen so that the three elementary angles coincide with the flexion/extension, passive abdu...

we describe a simple model that fits well with iranian economy, and extends a methodology which chary at el. (2007) demonstrated. in addition to four traditional wedges, we introduce additional trade wedge. we then evaluate the contribution of these wedges to the fluctuations in iran during last three years. because of international sanction, trading cost increases, and firms have difficulty to...

STUDY DESIGN Laboratory experiment. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of different head immobilization techniques during motion simulating ambulance transport. BACKGROUND A significant number of neurologic injuries associated with cervical spine fractures arise or are aggravated during emergency extrication or patient transport. Previous studies have not addressed the effect of head immobil...

A strategy for the synthesis of multivalent peptide-based nonsymmetric dendrimers by native chemical ligation using poly(lysine) dendritic wedges as scaffolds is presented.

Behavior of antennas in the vicinity of conducting bodies such as circular cylinders and wedges has received considerable attention in the past [1]-[5]. These canonical structures can be used to model a wide range of scatterers or mounting platforms for antennas in practice. Usually the supporting structure is of finite extent for which the exact solution does not exist, however, the analytic s...

Development of a browning inhibitor for fresh-cut apples that would not support human pathogen survival was investigated. Granny Smith and Fuji wedges were treated with acidic or neutral browning inhibitors with and without addition of sodium hexametaphosphate. Wedges in modified atmosphere packaging pouches were observed for browning during storage at 4 °C and 10 °C. A pH 2.9 dip containing as...