This report describes the diagnosis and management of repetitive stress-related injury (RSRI) of the proximal metacarpus in a seven-year old Thoroughbred racehorse. Intra-articular analgesia of the middle carpal joint (MCJ) as well as perineural analgesia of the lateral palmar nerve (LPN) abolished lameness and a diagnosis of RSRI of the proximopalmar metacarpus was made after nuclear scintigra...

S ynergistic divergence is a well-established clinical condition in which abduction arises on attempted adduction, leading to simultaneous abduction of both eyes on lateral gaze. Synergistic divergence can occur as an extreme form of Duane syndrome, where most if not all oculomotor nerve branch fibers originally directed to the medial rectus muscle innervate the lateral rectus muscle. Synergist...

OBJECTIVES We studied the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on regional myocardial strain distribution, as determined by echocardiographic strain rate (SR) imaging. BACKGROUND Dilated hearts with left bundle branch block (LBBB) have an abnormal redistribution of myocardial fiber strain. The effects of CRT on such abnormal strain patterns are unknown. METHODS We studied 18 p...

In the dissection of a 79-year-old Chinese male cadaver, communications were established on both sides between the median and musculocutanous nerves. The musculocutaneous nerve (mcn) was the continuation of the lateral cord. After piercing the coracobrachialis muscle, the mcn gave rise to a communicating branch which directed downwards medially and ended in the median nerve (mn) at the level of...

The article pertains to the uncommon clinical case of a patient with a proximal neuropathy of the lower extremity. It outlines the electrophysiological evaluation and reviews the medical literature. The electrophysiologic test that most accurately revealed the neuropathy was the segmental somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) of the lateral cutaneous branch of the iliohypogastric nerve. It showe...

The liver segmentation is mainly determined by the intraparenchymatous distribution of the vascular and ductal hepatic elements; from this, the hepatic portal vein (HPV), is the most important afferent element. The lateral branches (LBrs) are serving left lateral division (LLD) of the liver and present a moderate morphological variability. On a total of 160 pieces of liver corrosion casts, one ...

In this study, the spinal nerves that constitute the lumbosacral plexus (plexus lumbosacrales) (LSP) and its distribution in Chinchilla lanigera were investigated. Ten chinchillas (6 males and 4 females) were used in this research. The spinal nerves that constitute the LSP were dissected and the distribution of pelvic limb nerves originating from the plexus was examined. The iliohypogastric ner...

Proximal metatarsal pain is most commonly caused by desmopathy or enthesopathy of the proximal part of the suspensory ligament. Diagnosis of the causes of proximal metatarsal pain has improved markedly with the use of more specific regional analgesic techniques, objective techniques of lameness quantification, and cross-sectional imaging methods. However, even diagnostic anesthesia of the deep ...

BACKGROUND The superficial peroneal nerve is a branch of common peroneal nerve. There are reports about the variant course and distribution of this nerve. The sural nerve arises from the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa. The variations of the above nerves described here are unique and provide significant information to surgeons dissecting lower limb. CASE PRESENTATION The present case is a...

OBJECTIVE Define a security zone to avoid possibles vascular and ligamentar complications during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. METHODS Arthroscopic reconstruction using the transtibial and transportal technique in cadaver knees was performed followed by dissection and measurement of the distance between the femoral tunnel and the proximal attachment of the lateral collateral liga...