introduction: bleaching process can affect surface roughness of enamel, which is a vital factor in esthetic and resistance of tooth. the aim of this study was to compare surface roughness of enamel in teeth bleached using diode and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (nd: yag) lasers with those bleached using conventional method. methods: in this study, 75 anterior human teeth from upper a...

abstract introduction: scaling and root planing is one of the most commonly used procedures during periodontal treatments. removal of calculus using conventional hand instruments is incomplete and rather time consuming. to find more efficient and less difficult instrumentation method, investigators have proposed lasers as an alternative or adjunct to hand instruments for scaling and root planin...

Highly mineralized biological materials such as nacre (mother of pearl), tooth enamel or conch shell boast unique and attractive combinations of stiffness, strength and toughness. The structures of these biological materials and their associated mechanisms are now inspiring new types of advanced structural materials. However, despite significant efforts, no bottom up fabrication method could so...

Heat treatments are frequently used to modify the microstructure and mechanical properties of materials according requirements their applications. Laser surface treatment (LST) has become a relevant technique due high control parameters localization involved in modification. It allows for rapid transformation near surface, resulting minimal distortion workpiece bulk. LST encompasses, turn, lase...

This study investigates the effect of material parameters of the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model on the failure prediction of cellular structures. The effect of elastic modulus, calibration parameter of GTN model, isotropic hardening, fracture strain, and strut diameter on the load-displacement curve of a lattice structure fabricated by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) has been studied by u...