In this paper, the four parameters of plasma (density electron, temperature length Debye and frequency plasma) are studied. Optical emission spectroscopy method is utilized to study sphere (ND). The spectrum with different values energy, Zn Nio at percentage (X=0.1, 0.3, 0.5) were recorded. spectroscopic for these mixing under vacuum pressure down P=2.5×10?2 mbar. results electron X=0.1 range (...

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used to determine the period of time that a shooter will test positive for gunshot residue (GSR) after firing a revolver. Multiple rounds of primer were fired and samples collected at multiple hour intervals using an adhesive tape pressed against the skin. Samples were analyzed directly using a commercially available laser-induced breakdown s...