Quantum electrodynamics predicts that the quantum vacuum is birefringent, but due to very small cross-section this yet be confirmed by experiment. Vacuum birefringence arises as elastic part of photon-photon scattering; inelastic Breit-Wheeler pair-production. We outline how measurements photon-polarised nonlinear process can used infer a measurement birefringence. As an example scenario, we ca...

A ring-laser experiment, similar to the Canterbury ring laser, to detect axion-and qed-induced vacuum birefringence is proposed. It uses a slowly modulated magnetic field and a novel polarization geometry. Both axion coupling and vacuum birefringence would modulate the Sagnac beat frequency. A null result could place sensitive bounds on the axion mass and on two-photon coupling. The axion was o...

A shift to shorter wavelength radiation sources along with improvements in the quality of lithography grade optical materials has driven the production of integrated circuits with smaller feature sizes. Optical characterization of these materials, in some cases, is performed at visible wavelengths due to the complexity level associated with measuring in the DUV. Birefringence measurements of st...

PURPOSE The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) exhibits linear birefringence due to the oriented cylindrical structure of ganglion cell axons. The birefringence (Deltan) depends on the density and composition of axonal organelles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of birefringence around the optic nerve head (ONH) in normal subjects. METHODS Birefringence was calculated...

This work demonstrates for the first time formation of nanogratings inside Barium Gallo-Germanate (BGG) glasses using femtosecond laser direct writing. These heavy oxide glasses, with a characterized transparency window up to 6 μm, along polarization sensitive birefringent nanostructures induced by laser, offer an excellent platform development mid-Infrared photonic applications. The fabricated...

Corneal polarimetry measurement has been the object of several papers. The results of techniques like polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT), scanning laser polarimetry, or polarization microscopy are contradictory. Some studies propose a biaxial-like birefringence pattern, while others postulate that birefringence grows at corneal periphery. Several theoretical approaches...

We have observed various polarization domains and a giant self-mode-locked pulse in 130 m long erbium-doped fiber laser without any mode-locking devices. By adjusting the intracavity controller, we investigated evolution process of domain with varying cavity birefringence. When birefringence was close to zero, split into multidomains, finally formed for first time. analyzed that generation rela...

A method to recognize polarization constellations is proposed. Described method is based on analysis of torsion and curvature of three-dimensional curve. The three-dimensional curve is defined by states of polarization on the Poincare sphere. Key-Words: Fiber optics; Polarization light; Birefringence; Poincare sphere; Space curve; Frenet frame

A nonlinear method to generate and control both the type magnitude of birefringence, as well differential group delay (DGD) in optical fibers is studied. Experiments show that parameters birefringence can be dynamically changed with only a slight variation SBS-induced gain system. The based on exploiting polarization dependence stimulated Brillouin scattering fibers. generation controlled DGD d...