Subglottic stenosis is considered one of the most complex and challenging aspects of pediatric otolaryngology, with the most common etiology being prolonged endotracheal intubation. The surgical treatment of SGS can be either endoscopic or open, but recent advances have pushed the limits of the endoscopic approach so that in practice an open laryngotracheal surgical approach is considered only ...

OBJECTIVE Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been proposed as an effective treatment for mucosal carcinomas such as early-stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Its advantage over other conventional modalities (surgery and chemoradiation) lies in its ability to treat disease while preserving the function and structure of the larynx. While not FDA-approved in the United States, it is used in some ...

Background: Airway stenosis is a known complication of prolonged intubation in hospitalized patients. With the high rate intubations patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, laryngotracheal (LTS) that drastically reduces quality life for who may remain tracheostomy-dependent. Methods: Patient medical history, laryngoscopy, and CT imaging were obtained from records. Results: We report four cases compli...