Abstract In this paper we present a new, lexicon-based phylogeny of 34 Southern Bantu languages, and combine it with previous insights from linguistics, archaeology, genetics to study the history languages their speakers. Our shows all derive single, direct ancestor, which contrasts archaeological evidence indicating separate migrations speakers into southern Africa. This suggests that spoken b...

Heritage language variation and change provides an opportunity to examine the interplay of contact-induced language-internal effects while extending variationist framework beyond monolingual speakers majority languages. Using data from Language Variation Change in Toronto Project, we illustrate this with a case study Tagalog (r), which varies between tap, trill, approximant variants. Nearly 300...

Abstract The article addresses the question of what happens to internal linguistic variability in a language contact situation by looking at how first-generation Russian immigrants Germany use two variants possessive pronouns (reflexive and non-reflexive) for referencing subject. To extent does frequency variants, as well constraints on their use, remain same monolingual variety, or change conv...