This paper uses the introduction of barbed wire fences to the American Midwest in the late 19th century to estimate the effects of property rights on farmers’ production decisions. Farmers were both formally and informally required to build fences to secure exclusive land-use rights, yet preferred wooden fences had been prohibitively expensive in areas with little woodland. The introduction and...

The Passage mechanism introduced in this paper provides an easy and intuitive way to transport various types of digital objects by using also normal physical objects without any special identification tags. The current implementation of the Passage mechanism utilizes electronic scales and contact-free identification devices and thus allows for identification of arbitrary physical objects as wel...

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing, with its advantages of all-weather coverage, all day/night acquisitions, cloud penetration, and signal independence of the solar illumination angle, can be applied to land cover classification and land consolidation, especially in some regions where optics and infrared remote sensing do not work well. A limitation of its using for land consolidatio...

Based on the theory of ecological footprint, and as land use/cover change the breakthrough point in Loess hilly area, the ecological carrying capacity analysis method was used to calculate the ecological carrying capacity of Shanghuang experimental area. The results showed that the total ecological carrying capacity in 1982, 2000 and 2010 were 242.47、750.53、929.68 hm. Meanwhile the per capita e...

Agriculture plays an essential role in restructuring and country planning. However, the agricultural world is under economic pressures that affect the efficiency of landowners. To ensure good productivity, the farmer needs his land to be spatially well organised and well equipped. To use the agricultural land most efficiently, it is important first to understand the area by collecting together ...

Genetic improvement mainly depends on the extent of genetic variability present in the population. The molecular marker is a useful tool for assessing genetic variations and resolving cultivar identities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence of 12 rice land races using five SSR markers. A total of 11 alleles were detected in 12 land races and the number of alleles ...

Cadastre is the essential land register and the basis for many services in the area of land administration and land management. Although European parcel based cadastral system is used in many countries, differences in business processes between countries exist. Through a long period of time these differences have been adapting to development of technology, legislation and other conditions withi...