Microorganisms such as Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria, viruses and fungi contain components that activate the innate immune system. These components, called pyrogens (Greek: pyros=fire), can occur independently of viable microorganisms and are a major safety concern in parenterally administered drugs, since they can cause severe reactions such as fever, organ failure, and shock in the ...

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in mouse are inflammatory cells that play critical roles in promoting cancer growth and metastasis by directly stimulating cancer cell proliferation and suppressing immune surveillance. In order to facilitate characterization of biochemical and cellular mechanisms of MDSCs, it is urgent to establish an "MDSC-like" cell line. By cross breeding of immortom...

The involvement of endocannabinoid receptors in the antinociceptive activity Lonchocarpus araripensis lectin (LAL) was investigated model carragenan-induced hypernociception. Swiss mice received LAL (10 mg/kg) by intravenous (i.v.) route 30 min before subcutaneous (s.c.) injection carrageenan paws. Animals were treated with antagonists CB1 (AM251) or CB2 (AM630) cannabinoid lectin. inhibited hy...

Data presented in this study indicate that there is considerable variability in spike recoveries between three different kinetic LAL methods as used for the testing of a variety of parenteral products. However, successful spike recoveries were observed for each of the thirteen products under test on at least one of the three kinetic methods used, suggesting that problems caused by spike recover...

Validation process is a program for ensuring products with proven acceptable and predetermined specification. The LAL test used for detection of endotoxin in the sterile parenteral products is one of the tests that require validation. During this study, validation of 12 parenteral antibiotics including penicillin and cephalosporin have been done using gel clot method and obtained results which ...

Bacterial colonization and endotoxin production were investigated before and after experimental Salmonella gallinarum infection in 8-week-old female broiler chickens. These parameters were assayed by means of colony forming units test (CFU) and the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate test (LAL), respectively. Birds were infected per os with 1,5 x 10(9) CFU/ml of wild strain of S. gallinarum isolated from ...

Light Affine Logic (LAL) is a system due to Girard and Asperti capturing the complexity class P in a proof-theoretical approach based on Linear Logic. LAL provides a typing for lambda-calculus which guarantees that a well-typed program is executable in polynomial time on any input. We prove that the LAL type inference problem for lambda-calculus is decidable (for propositional LAL). To establis...

Abstract In the pharmaceutical industry, microbiological quality of water is vital. This research investigated how combining peracetic acid (0.1% V/V) and UV light (>150 mJ/cm2) as wide-spectrum disinfectants affect microbial endotoxin levels in a system. Water samples were taken aseptically from 12 points across The pour plate technique membrane filtration used for counts. presence dist...

The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro test system for pyrogenic substances. Three clones derived from human monocytoid cell lines, which were selected by their high sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were assessed for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production. Their response to pyrogen-containing samples was compared with that in a Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and the rabbit py...

In China, English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers seem to be in dilemma because of the discrepancy existing classroom teaching and assessment, new curriculum requirement, paucity assessment knowledge. To tackle these problems, there is an urgent need evaluate EFL teachers’ literacy (LAL) mitigate possible obstacles that face. Since term (AL) was firstly suggested, concept has been derived ...