Discontinuous and continuous processes of lactose hydrolysis and concomitant galacto-oligosaccharide (GalOS) formation were studied. To this end a wide experimental range of the main variables was evaluated, including the initial lactose concentration, the degree of lactose conversion, the pH value and the temperature for discontinuous transformations, while the initial lactose concentration an...

Lactose is the main carbohydrate in infant feeding, but its impact decreases as the child gets older and consumes less milk and dairy products. Congenital lactose intolerance is a very rare condition. However, lactase activity may be low and need to mature during the first weeks of life in many infants. However, the evidence that unabsorbed lactose is causing infantile crying and colic is contr...

Lactose is a widely used excipient in the pharmaceutical industry. It exists as anhydrous, αand βmonohydrate forms, which can be either crystalline or amorphous. Commercially available lactose comes in various grades differentiated by physical forms as well as modifications such as particle size. These characteristic modifications enable formulation and processing. Lactose grades for direct com...

Trichoderma reesei colonizes predecayed wood in nature and metabolizes cellulose and hemicellulose from the plant biomass. The respective enzymes are industrially produced for application in the biofuel and biorefinery industry. However, these enzymes are also induced in the presence of lactose (1,4-0-ß-d-galactopyranosyl-d-glucose), a waste product from cheese manufacture or whey processing in...

Dairy foods contain complex nutrients which interact with the host. Yet, evolution of lactase persistence has divided the human species into those that can or cannot digest lactose in adulthood. Such a ubiquitous trait has differential effects on humanity. The literature is reviewed to explore how the divide affects lactose handling by lactase non persistent persons. There are two basic differe...

introduction:the prevalence of atopic diseases has increased in recent decades dramatically. the most common aeroallergens in northeastern iran have not been fully defined. define the most common aeroallergens in allergic patients based on the skin prick test (spt) was aimed in this investigation.materials and methods:this cross-sectional study enrolled 1,006 allergic patients (aged 1–86 years)...

We describe a design for a reputation system that increases the reliability and thus efficiency of remailer services. Our reputation system uses a MIX-net in which MIXes give receipts for intermediate messages. Together with a set of witnesses, these receipts allow senders to verify the correctness of each MIX and prove misbehavior to the witnesses. We suggest a simple model and metric for eval...

The disintegration process of pharmaceutical tablets is a crucial step in the oral delivery drug. Tablet does not only refer to break up interparticle bonds, but also relates liquid absorption and swelling behaviour tablet. This study demonstrates use sessile drop method coupled with image processing models analyse surface kinetics four filler combinations (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)/mann...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a commercial lactose-containing stevioside sweetener on biofilm acidogenicity in vivo. Nine volunteers refrained from brushing their teeth for 3 days in five phases. On the 4th day of each phase, the pH of the biofilm was measured by the "Strip method". Interproximal plaque pH was measured before and up to 60 minutes after a 10 mL mouthrinse f...

Aims To see the prevalence of lactose intolerance (LI) and related symptoms following oral lactose challenge in healthy volunteers. Materials and methods Symptoms of abdominal pain, nausea, borborygmi, flatulence, and diarrhea were noted for 24 hours and blood glucose was estimated at 0 hour and 30 minutes after 25 gm oral lactose load to healthy volunteers. Failure to rise blood glucose leve...