نتایج جستجو برای: labour costs

تعداد نتایج: 207903  

2003
Paloma Lopez-Garcia

This paper is intended to make a contribution to the empirical literature explaining the rise of unemployment since the 1970s in western economies by means of interactions between shocks and institutions. The contribution is twofold. First, the impact of a general feature of developed economies that has been surprisingly neglected in the literature is analyzed, namely, the employment shift from...

2014
Edvard Tijan Saša Aksentijević Bojan Hlača

The main goal of modeling and simulation in seaport clusters (and in general) is to research data and information related to behavior of the system based on research of the model, and not by direct insight into the system itself. During the next step of research, after the model is created, it is possible to perform experiments in order to gather more data regarding the existing or future state...

2008
Hartmut Egger Peter Egger

We set up a model, in which firms in a small industrialized country outsource part of their production to a foreign economy, which is rich in low-skilled labour. We analyse, how a decline in trade costs affects outsourcing activities and the production structure in the small economy. A stimulation of cross-border outsourcing raises wage dispersion and, if labour markets are unionized, also the ...

2004
Richard P.C. Brown Karen R. Hooper

We integrate three hitherto unconnected strands of economic theory; Lewis’ dual economy model, the Balassa-Samuelson model and, segmented labour market theory. With our hybrid model we investigate the implications of migration with labour market segmentation for an economy’s internal competitiveness, where migrants are concentrated in the secondary labour market and this segment supplies unskil...

2009
Tuomas Kosonen

We estimate the e¤ect of child home care allowance to parents’ labour supply. A municipal supplement to home care allowance in Finnish child care system provides exogenous variation to labour supply. The supplement allows us to compare labour outcomes of similar families that receive di¤erent home care allowances because they live in di¤erent municipalities. The results for mothers indicate a l...

2010
Yahong Zhang

This paper examines the implications of on-the-job search for both short-run dynamics of in‡ation and long-run welfare costs of in‡ation in a sticky price model with labour market search frictions. Both unemployed workers and workers with bad jobs can search. Firms can adjust labour at both intensive and extensive margins. On-the-job search gives rise a strong propagation of monetary policy sho...

1999
Marius Brülhart Anthony Murphy Dermot McAleese Christian Montet

In this study we examine the widely held view that intra-industry trade (IIT) entails relatively low adjustment costs. We construct a panel of industry level trade, production and employment data for Ireland. IIT is calculated using the conventional Grubel-Lloyd index as well as alternative measures of marginal IIT. Our measure of labour adjustment is defined as the share of intra-industry job ...

2005
Bernard Hoekman

The substantial literature investigating the links between trade, trade policy, and labour market outcomes has generated a number of stylized facts, but many open questions remain. A common fi nding is that much of the shorter-run impacts of trade and reforms involve reallocation of labour or wage impacts within sectors. Wage responses to trade and trade reforms are generally greater than emplo...

2012
VIVIEN LEWIS Vivien Lewis

This paper characterises optimal monetary policy in an economy with endogenous …rm entry, a cash-in-advance constraint and preset wages. Firms must make pro…ts to cover entry costs; thus the markup on goods prices is e¢cient. However, because leisure is not priced at a markup, the consumption-leisure tradeo¤ is distorted. Consequently, the real wage, hours and production are suboptimally low. D...

2012
Liv M Freeman Kitty WM Bloemenkamp Maureen TM Franssen Dimitri NM Papatsonis Petra J Hajenius Marloes E van Huizen Henk A Bremer Eline SA van den Akker Mallory D Woiski Martina M Porath Erik van Beek Nico Schuitemaker Paulien CM van der Salm Bianca F Fong Celine Radder Caroline J Bax Marko Sikkema M Elske van den Akker-van Marle Jan MM van Lith Enrico Lopriore Renske J Uildriks Michel MRF Struys Ben Willem J Mol Albert Dahan Johanna M Middeldorp

BACKGROUND Pain relief during labour is a topic of major interest in the Netherlands. Epidural analgesia is considered to be the most effective method of pain relief and recommended as first choice. However its uptake by pregnant women is limited compared to other western countries, partly as a result of non-availability due to logistic problems. Remifentanil, a synthetic opioid, is very suitab...

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