The Government of Brazil established their Sustainable Palm Oil Production Programme (SPOPP) in 2010, which sought to enhance the sustainability and inclusiveness oil palm development Amazon. This paper evaluates how well contract farming promoted by SPOPP has delivered on its inclusive objectives. Drawing cross-section data collected Northeast Pará, it analyses two recurrent themes, namely (1)...

this study was conducted in delta state nigeria to establish a nexus between rural-urban migration and child labour. random sampling was applied to select rural settlements and this study covers 450 sample farming households. the results show that rural-urban migration influence child labour (p

this study examined the effects of agricultural child labour on children’s perception of farming occupation in delta state, nigeria. a total of 336 respondents comprising of 112 farming household heads and 224 children in the selected households were used for the study.farming activities of the children were highest during weekends. highest level of participation was recorded in herbicide and p...

This study examined the effects of a yoga program during pregnancy, on maternal comfort, labor pain, and birth outcomes. A randomized trial was conducted using 74-primigravid Thai women who were equally divided into two groups (experimental and control). The yoga program involved six, 1-h sessions at prescribed weeks of gestation. A variety of instruments were used to assess maternal comfort, l...

Decision augmentation theory (DAT) holds that humans integrate information obtained by anomalous cognition into the usual decision process. The result is that, to a statistical degree, such decisions are biased toward volitional outcomes. We introduce our model and show that the domain over which it is applicable is within a few standard deviations from chance. We contrast the theory's experime...

BACKGROUND Acupuncture is frequently used for pain relief in labour, but the evidence is not clear. OBJECTIVES To critically evaluate the evidence for or against acupuncture for labour pain management. SEARCH STRATEGY Nineteen electronic databases, including English, Korean, Japanese, and Chinese databases, were systematically searched. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials ...

Due to their haplo-diploid sex determination system and the resulting conflict over optimal sex allocation between queens and workers, social Hymenoptera have become important model species to study variation in sex allocation. While many studies indeed reported sex allocation to be affected by social factors such as colony kin structure or queen number, others, however, found that sex allocati...

Migration has been a recurrent phenomenon since the dawn of human history. Though its form has changed but it remains a dominant event in the global social system. In modern days also people migrate from underdeveloped areas to the developed ones in search of better opportunities. A number of social, cultural, economic, spatial, climatic, demographic factors induce migration, however, the econo...

National scale changes in social, economic, and demographic variables are the result of a diverse range of interactions at the local, regional, national, and international level. Even within a single local area, there are a myriad of factors driving change and promoting stability and/or instability (Green & Owen 1990). The past several decades have seen increasing recognition that the standard ...