The history of the human race is replete with instances in which the implementation of a new technology renders obsolete one or more facets of a society, such as human beliefs, the infrastructure of an industry, or the method of organization of labor. One such case is the rapid growth of the Internet and the World Wide Web (the Web), and the resulting inadequacy of legal systems to provide need...

The appraisal system as a means of disciplinary or termination decisions support is a common target of legal disputes by employees involving charges of unfairness and bias. Since labor and employment laws do not mandate performance appraisals, the latter have become one of the most critical tools of risk management that subject an employer to various liabilities. The study provides comparative ...

Human coexistence is marked by conflicts, of the most diverse types, since dawn humanity. In business environment it no different, because there are also conflicts. At organizational level, managers, in addition to challenges leading and teams, directing them obtain positive results, have face controversies that arise labor relations, both internally externally, being necessary, cases, resort j...

Contentious issues have frequently been overlooked in the study of international relations and interstate conflict. This chapter explores the influence of territory and territorial issues on processes of interstate conflict. I begin by reviewing existing approaches to the study of territory, and existing theoretical efforts to understand the role of territory. I then offer an empirical investig...

Based on a study of the law and case concerning collective labor relations, this document describes types bargaining at centralized decentralized levels in public sector, analyzing arbitration as an alternative to settle economic disputes. After describing structure award its execution, it is concluded that mistake grant executory force derived from bargaining, since does not recognize certain ...

In recent years China has witnessed a surge in medical disputes, including many widely reported violent riots, attacks, and protests in hospitals. This is the result of a confluence of inappropriate incentives in the health system, the consequent distorted behaviors of physicians, mounting social distrust of the medical profession, and institutional failures of the legal framework. The detrimen...

Disputes over territory are a major contributing factor to the disruption of international relations. We believe that a cumulative, integrated, and continuously updated resource providing information about such disputes in an easily accessible form would be of benefit to intelligence analysts, military strategists, political scientists, and also to historians and others concerned with internati...

Internet peering disputes have had an impact on the Internet AS-graph. As a result, the customers of the ASes often suffer because they cannot reach to the all of the Internet. There is a lack of study of the disputes that have taken place so far, even though each dispute is individually well understood. In this paper, we collect data on 26 disputes from from various resources, categorize them ...

Humans are capable of cooperating with one another even when it is costly and a deviation provides an immediate gain. An important reason is that cooperation is reciprocated or rewarded and deviations are penalized in later stages. For cooperation to be sustainable, not only must rewards and penalties be strong enough but individuals should also have the right incentives to provide rewards and ...