It is shown that a wormlike chain, i.e., a filament with a fixed contour-length ¯ S and a bending elasticity κ, attached to a frame of length L, can be described—at low resolutions—by the same type of elastic free-energy as a tense string. The corresponding tension is calculated as a function of temperature, L, κ and ¯ S. Elastic free-energies are used to describe the distorted states and fluct...

Fatigue tests are a very time consuming process in engineering, in which also a lot of energy is required. Speeding up fatigue tests and making them less energy consuming, would lead to major profits. The aim of this study is to obtain these profits by the development of a new bending fatigue test. In addition, the objective is to apply this new method to the bending fatigue test of rings from ...

Nomenclature L y spanwise coordinate q net beam loading S shear M bending moment θ deflection angle (= dw/dx) w deflection κ local beam curvature ′ lift/span distribution ′ S η normalized spanwise coordinate (= 2y/b) c local wing chord wing wing area b wing span λ taper ratio E Young's modulus δ tip deflection N load factor m wing mass/span distribution I bending inertia i spanwise station inde...

The mixed-mode bending (MMB) test for delamination toughness was first introduced in 1988. This simple test is a combination of the standard Mode I (opening) test and a Mode II (sliding) test. This MMB test has become widely used in the United States and around the world for mixed-mode toughness measurements. Because of the widespread use of this test method, it is being considered for standard...

Abstract—Geometrical shape of bamboo usually assumed as tapered hollow pipe. This study proved that the dimensional changes along the bamboo stem significantly affected to its Modulus of Rupture (SR) value which measured from third point loading bending test. Therefore if the bending test applied using third point loading configuration, the SR value should be adjusted by strength ratio of taper...

Insect antennae are important mechanosensory and chemosensory organs. Insect appendages, such as antennae, are encased in a cuticular exoskeleton and are thought to bend only between segments or subsegments where the cuticle is thinner, more flexible, or bent into a fold. There is a growing appreciation of the dominating influence of folds in the mechanical behavior of a structure, and the bend...

This paper discusses Specht’s plate bending element, shows the relationships between ∫ Fρ w ds or ∫ Fρ ∂w ∂n ds and the nodal parameters (or degrees of freedom), further it sheds lights on the construction methods for that element, and finally it introduces a new plate bending element with good convergent properties (which passes the F-E-M-Test (cf.[11])) is derived.

This paper describes a new approach which can be used to interpret the experimental creep deformation data obtained from miniaturized thin plate bending specimen test to the corresponding uniaxial data based on an inversed application of the reference stress method. The geometry of the thin plate is fully defined by the span of the support, l, the width, b, and the thickness, d. Firstly, analyt...

The model of the large deflection of fabrics considering the effect of bending hysteresis was established for describing the post-buckling behavior of woven fabrics. The moment-curvature relationship of fabrics obtained by pure bending test was approximated by the Rate-model and the change in the flexural rigidity caused by the hysteresis was incorporated into the analysis. Using a nonlinear FE...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of physicochemical properties of gerbera (Gerbera Jamesonii L.) to silica nanoparticles (Nanoparticle-SiO2) and calcium chelate (Ca-Chelate) in nutrient solutions. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with two factors was conducted in four replicates. The first factor the concentration of Nanoparticle-SiO2 in nutr...